Abstract
Membrane intrinsic proteins (MIPs) form transmembrane channels and facilitate transport of myriad substrates across the cell membrane in many organisms. Majority of plant MIPs have water transporting ability and are commonly referred as aquaporins (AQPs). In the present study, we identified aquaporin coding genes in flax by genome-wide analysis, their structure, function and expression pattern by pan-genome exploration. Cross-genera phylogenetic analysis with known aquaporins from rice, arabidopsis, and poplar showed five subgroups of flax aquaporins representing 16 plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs), 17 tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs), 13 NOD26-like intrinsic proteins (NIPs), 2 small basic intrinsic proteins (SIPs), and 3 uncharacterized intrinsic proteins (XIPs). Amongst aquaporins, PIPs contained hydrophilic aromatic arginine (ar/R) selective filter but TIP, NIP, SIP and XIP subfamilies mostly contained hydrophobic ar/R selective filter. Analysis of RNA-seq and microarray data revealed high expression of PIPs in multiple tissues, low expression of NIPs, and seed specific expression of TIP3 in flax. Exploration of aquaporin homologs in three closely related Linum species bienne, grandiflorum and leonii revealed presence of 49, 39 and 19 AQPs, respectively. The genome-wide identification of aquaporins, first in flax, provides insight to elucidate their physiological and developmental roles in flax.
Highlights
Membrane intrinsic proteins (MIPs) form transmembrane channels and facilitate transport of myriad substrates across the cell membrane in many organisms
These aquaporins belong to major intrinsic protein (MIP) superfamily with members spanning in animals[4,5], plants as well as in microbes[6]
Plant AQPs are grouped into five subfamilies: (i)plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs), (ii) tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs), (iii) nodulin26-like intrinsic proteins (NIPs), (iv) small basic intrinsic proteins (SIPs), and (v) uncategorized X intrinsic proteins (XIPs)[8,9,10,11]
Summary
Membrane intrinsic proteins (MIPs) form transmembrane channels and facilitate transport of myriad substrates across the cell membrane in many organisms. Amongst the three defined pathways, transcellular movement of water in plants is facilitated by small integral membrane proteins (21–34 kD) called aquaporins (AQPs)[2,3]. These aquaporins belong to major intrinsic protein (MIP) superfamily with members spanning in animals[4,5], plants as well as in microbes[6]. Plant AQPs are grouped into five subfamilies: (i)plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs), (ii) tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs), (iii) nodulin26-like intrinsic proteins (NIPs), (iv) small basic intrinsic proteins (SIPs), and (v) uncategorized X intrinsic proteins (XIPs)[8,9,10,11]. Flax aquaporins were classified based on the phylogenetic analysis with known
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