Abstract
Glycosyltransferase gene family 1, also known as uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferase (UGT), is the largest glycosyltransferase family in plants, playing a vital role in their growth and development. In this study, 244 UGT genes with conserved PSPG motifs were identified in the genome of Quercus robur L. The collinearity analysis results showed that tandem repeat was the main way of UGT genes expansion in Q. robur, with 21 groups of 55 tandem repeat genes. UGT genes were divided into 15 subgroups A-P; group K was lost, and the gene structure and conserved domain of the same subgroup were basically the same. Cis-element analysis showed that upstream 2,000bp promoter sequence of UGT genes contained light response elements, plant hormone response elements, and stress-related cis-elements, which indicated that UGT genes of Q. robur might be regulated by various metabolic pathways. In particular, some UGTs in group L of Q. robur contained a conserved promoter structure. The expression pattern analysis results demonstrated that UGT genes of groups B, D, E, and I were differentially expressed under Tortrix viridana L. stress. The expression of UGTs in group E decreased under stress, the expression of group L increased, and that of genes in groups D and B were different. The functions of UGT genes in E and L groups are relatively conservative, and their functions may also conserve among species. The study results have a particular reference value for further research on the function of Q. robur UGT genes.
Highlights
Quercus robur L. is the deciduous tree of Quercus genus in Fagaceae, which is widely distributed in Europe, Asia, and North America
A total of 219 uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferase (UGT) genes were located on 12 chromosomes, and another 25 UGT genes were located on unassembled chromosomal fragments
The most 39 UGT genes are located on chromosome 11, and the least UGT genes are located on chromosome 5, with only 6
Summary
Quercus robur L. is the deciduous tree of Quercus genus in Fagaceae, which is widely distributed in Europe, Asia, and North America. Silvia Madritsch (Madritsch et al 2019) found that UGT73C6 gene encodes flavonol-3-O-glycoside-7-O-glucosyltransferase in the research on the drought stress of Q.robur, attaching glucosyl residues at the 7-O-position of flavonols, kaempferol, quercetin, and their 3-O-glycoside derivatives. This gene is significantly expressed under drought conditions, which may help maintain the metabolic activity of source leaf through osmotic regulation. UGT genes could regioselectively and stereoselectively catalyze the site-specific glycosylation modification of substrates and are widely used in many fields such as medicine (Yan, Li, and Koffas 2008; Chu et al 2017; Liang et al 2017), industry (Wang et al 2016) and agricultural production (Guleria and Yadav 2014). We conducted a further comparative analysis of UGT genes to explore their conserved domains, gene structure, and evolutionary relationships, understand the distribution of cis-elements upstream of UGT genes, combine transcriptome data analysis to infer the function of UGT genes, and provide a reference for subsequent functional identification and utilization of UGT genes in Q.robur
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