Abstract
The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) is a widely known transcription factors family in eukaryotes. In plants, the role of bZIP proteins are crucial in various biological functions such as plant growth and development, seed maturation, response to light signal and environmental stress. To date, bZIP protein family has been comprehensively identified in Arabidopsis, castor, rice, ramie, soybean and other plant species, however, the complete genome-wide investigation of Carthamus tinctorius-bZIP family still remains unexplained. Here, we identified 52 putative bZIP genes from Carthamus tinctorius using a draft genome assembly and further analyzed their evolutionary classification, physicochemical properties, Conserved domain analysis, functional differentiation and the investigation of expression level in different tissues. Based on the common bZIP domain, CtbZIP family were clustered into 12 subfamilies renamed as (A–J, S, X), of which the X is a unique subfamily to Carthamus tinctorius. A total of 20 conserved protein motifs were found in CtbZIP proteins. The expression profiling of CtbZIP genes deciphered their tissue-specific pattern. Furthermore, the changes in CtbZIP transcript abundance suggested that their transcription regulation could be highly influenced by light intensity and hormones. Collectively, this study highlights all functional and regulatory elements of bZIP transcription factors family in Carthamus tinctorius which may serve as potential candidates for functional characterization in future.
Highlights
Abbreviations biological processes (BP) Biological process basic leucine zipper (bZIP) Basic region/leucine zipper Ct C arthamus tinctorius L
AtbZIP gene family was classified into 13 subfamilies in Arabidopsis thaliana[4] while the predicted bZIP proteins of Oryza sativa into 11 groups based on DNA-binding specificity and amino acid sequence[11]
This study provides a comprehensive genome-wide investigation and expression analysis of CtbZIP family of safflower which would be important for functional characterization of CtbZIP Transcription factors (TFs) involved in biological processes and transcriptional regulatory networks, and lay a foundation for molecular breeding of safflower in the future
Summary
Abbreviations BP Biological process bZIP Basic region/leucine zipper Ct C arthamus tinctorius L. As switch of gene expression, TFs play important regulatory roles in almost all processes of plant life[3]. All bZIP TFs consist of two structural components: a basic region (N-x7-R/K-x9) for sequence-specific DNA binding, and a leucine zipper. AtbZIP gene family was classified into 13 subfamilies in Arabidopsis thaliana[4] while the predicted bZIP proteins of Oryza sativa into 11 groups based on DNA-binding specificity and amino acid sequence[11]. BZIP TFs regulate many transcriptional response pathways in multiple biological processes. They regulate the development of tissues and organs, including seed maturation and germination, e mbryogenesis12, blooming[13] and photomorphogenesis[14]. Development of safflower gene resources has the potential to speed up the process of molecular breeding, and can be used to investigate patterns of genome evolution
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