Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in the thermogenesis and energy storage of brown adipose tissue (BAT). However, knowledge of the cellular transition from BAT to white adipose tissue (WAT) and the potential role of lncRNAs in goat adipose tissue remains largely unknown. In this study, we analyzed the transformation from BAT to WAT using histological and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) gene analyses. Brown adipose tissue mainly existed within the goat perirenal fat at 1 day and there was obviously a transition from BAT to WAT from 1 day to 1 year. The RNA libraries constructed from the perirenal adipose tissues of 1 day, 30 days, and 1 year goats were sequenced. A total number of 21,232 lncRNAs from perirenal fat were identified, including 5393 intronic-lncRNAs and 3546 antisense-lncRNAs. Furthermore, a total of 548 differentially expressed lncRNAs were detected across three stages (fold change ≥ 2.0, false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05), and six lncRNAs were validated by qPCR. Furthermore, trans analysis found lncRNAs that were transcribed close to 890 protein-coding genes. Additionally, a coexpression network suggested that 4519 lncRNAs and 5212 mRNAs were potentially in trans-regulatory relationships (r > 0.95 or r < −0.95). In addition, Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses showed that the targeted genes were involved in the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, fatty acid elongation and metabolism, the citrate cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathways. The present study provides a comprehensive catalog of lncRNAs involved in the transformation from BAT to WAT and provides insight into understanding the role of lncRNAs in goat brown adipogenesis.
Highlights
There are two class types of adipose tissue present in mammals
We provided a comprehensive catalog of Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the transformation from
A total number of 21,232 lncRNAs were identified from goat perirenal fat, of which
Summary
There are two class types of adipose tissue (white and brown) present in mammals. White adipose tissue (WAT) is used to store excess calories in the form of triglycerides and has an important role in the production of adipokines [1]. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is enriched with mitochondria and expresses high levels of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which is localized on the inner membrane of mitochondria [2]. Uncoupling protein 1 is the primary marker of BAT. UCP1 stimulates adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis and uncouples respiratory chain activity. BAT plays an important role in heat production and nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) [3].
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