Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of NF-Y Gene Family Reveal Its Potential Roles in Stress-Resistance in Chrysanthemum

Abstract

Nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) is a class of transcription factors (TFs) with various biological functions that exist in almost all eukaryotes. In plants, heterotrimers composed of different NF-Y subunits are numerous and have different functions that can participate in the regulation of plant growth at various stages. However, NF-Y genes have not been systematically analyzed in chrysanthemum, only involving several NF-Y members. In this study, forty-six NF-Y members were identified from the diploid species Chrysanthemum seticuspe, including eight NF-YA members, twenty-one NF-YB members, and seventeen NF-YC members. These NF-Y genes were analyzed for their physicochemical characteristics, multiple alignments, conserved motifs, gene structure, promoter elements, and chromosomal location. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that only two gene pairs in C. seticuspe underwent gene duplication events. The Ka/Ks ratios were both less than one, indicating that the two pairs underwent purifying selection. Promoter element analysis showed that multiple abiotic stress and hormone response elements were present in the CsNF-Y genes, suggesting that these genes play an important role in the response to stress, growth, and development in plants. Further validation of candidate genes in response to drought regulation using RT-qPCR demonstrated that CsNF-Y genes in C. seticuspe play an important role in drought regulation.