Abstract
BackgroundCannabis sativa L., a dioecious plant derived from China, demonstrates important medicinal properties and economic value worldwide. Cannabis properties have been usually harnessed depending on the sex of the plant. To analyse the genetic structure of Chinese Cannabis and identify sex-linked makers, genome-wide insertion-deletion (InDel) markers were designed and used.ResultsIn this study, a genome-wide analysis of insertion-deletion (InDel) polymorphisms was performed based on the recent genome sequences. In total, 47,558 InDels were detected between the two varieties, and the length of InDels ranged from 4 bp to 87 bp. The most common InDels were tetranucleotides, followed by pentanucleotides. Chromosome 5 exhibited the highest number of InDels among the Cannabis chromosomes, while chromosome 10 exhibited the lowest number. Additionally, 31,802 non-redundant InDel markers were designed, and 84 primers evenly distributed in the Cannabis genome were chosen for polymorphism analysis. A total of 38 primers exhibited polymorphisms among three accessions, and of the polymorphism primers, 14 biallelic primers were further used to analyse the genetic structure. A total of 39 fragments were detected, and the PIC value ranged from 0.1209 to 0.6351. According to the InDel markers and the flowering time, the 115 Chinese germplasms were divided into two subgroups, mainly composed of cultivars obtained from the northernmost and southernmost regions, respectively. Additional two markers, “Cs-I1–10” and “Cs-I1–15”, were found to amplify two bands (398 bp and 251 bp; 293 bp and 141 bp) in the male plants, while 389-bp or 293-bp bands were amplified in female plants. Using the two markers, the feminized and dioecious varieties could also be distinguished.ConclusionBased on the findings obtained herein, we believe that this study will facilitate the genetic improvement and germplasm conservation of Cannabis in China, and the sex-linked InDel markers will provide accurate sex identification strategies for Cannabis breeding and production.
Highlights
Cannabis sativa L., a member of the family Cannabinaceae, is a diploid (2n = 20) monocotyledon and one of the oldest cultivated plants
Based on the findings obtained we believe that this study will facilitate the genetic improvement and germplasm conservation of Cannabis in China, and the sex-linked InDel markers will provide accurate sex identification strategies for Cannabis breeding and production
With the objectives to increase the density of molecular markers of Cannabis genome and to establish a significance for simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in Cannabis genomic studies, the present study focused on the genome-wide development of InDels and the application of these markers in genetic structure analysis of Chinese germplasm and identification of sex-linked marker in Cannabis
Summary
Cannabis sativa L., a member of the family Cannabinaceae, is a diploid (2n = 20) monocotyledon and one of the oldest cultivated plants. It originated in Central Asia, its cultivation was soon commenced worldwide for applications in folk medicine, textile fibre, oil, and recreational use [1]. Cannabis is a dioecious species, which includes both male and female flowers separated on different plants. The sex of the plants commonly affects economically relevant traits like fibre quality and cannabinoid (CBD) content. Cannabis sativa L., a dioecious plant derived from China, demonstrates important medicinal properties and economic value worldwide. To analyse the genetic structure of Chinese Cannabis and identify sex-linked makers, genome-wide insertion-deletion (InDel) markers were designed and used
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