Abstract
The MADS-box gene family is one of the largest families in plants and plays an important roles in floral development. The MADS-box family includes the SRF-like domain and K-box domain. It is considered that the MADS-box gene family encodes a DNA-binding domain that is generally related to transcription factors, and plays important roles in regulating floral development. Our study identified 211 MADS-box protein sequences in the Zea mays proteome and renamed all the genes based on the gene annotations. All the 211 MADS-box protein sequences were coded by 98 expressed genes. Phylogenetic analysis of the MADS-box genes showed that all the family members were categorized into five subfamilies: MIKC-type, Mα, Mβ, Mγ, and Mδ. Gene duplications are regarded as products of several types of errors during the period of DNA replication and reconstruction; in our study all the 98 MADS-box genes contained 22 pairs of segmentally duplicated events which were distributed on 10 chromosomes. We compared expression data in different tissues from the female spikelet, silk, pericarp aleurone, ear primordium, leaf zone, vegetative meristem, internode, endosperm crown, mature pollen, embryo, root cortex, secondary root, germination kernels, primary root, root elongation zone, and root meristem. According to analysis of gene ontology pathways, we found a total of 41 pathways in which MADS-box genes in maize are involved. All the studies we conducted provided an overview of MADS-box gene family members in maize and showed multiple functions as transcription factors. The related research of MADS-box domains has provided the theoretical basis of MADS-box domains for agricultural applications.
Highlights
Maize (Zea mays) is an essential crop that is a staple food in many parts of the world, and the total production of maize has surpassed that of whole rice and wheat
According to the analysis of gene ontology pathways, we found a total of 41 pathways in which MADS-box genes in maize were involved
The rapid progress of sequencing technology has made the study of genomes much more accessible [33]; studying gene family members' function and mode of action through the whole genome has proven to be an efficient method to explore insights into the inter
Summary
Maize (Zea mays) is an essential crop that is a staple food in many parts of the world, and the total production of maize has surpassed that of whole rice and wheat. Maize is a staple food for people and fodder for animals; in addition, maize can be widely used in energy and industry, such as in the production of ethyl alcohol, corn starch, and corn syrup [2]. Elie Dolgin completed the maize reference genome (B73) in 2009 and found that it contained a 2.3 billion base sequences and more than 32,000 protein-coding genes [2]. Transcription factors combined with specific DNA sequences are cis-acting elements that control promoters and enhancers. Transcription factors and target genes are combined through the DNA-binding area, a site that is the most conserved sequence in evolution.
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