Abstract
Plant cytochrome P450 (P450) participates in a wide range of biosynthetic reactions and targets a variety of biological molecules. These reactions lead to various fatty acid conjugates, plant hormones, secondary metabolites, lignin, and various defensive compounds. In our previous research, transcriptome analysis was performed on the salt-tolerant upland cotton “Tongyan No. 1.” Many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) belong to the P450 family, and their domains occur widely in plants. In this current research, P450 genes were identified in Gossypium hirsutum with the aid of bioinformatics methods for investigating phylogenetic relations, gene structure, cis-elements, chromosomal localization, and collinearity within a genome. qRT-PCR was conducted to analyze P450 gene expression patterns under salt stress. The molecular weights of the 156 P450 genes were in the range of 5,949.6–245,576.3 Da, and the length of the encoded amino acids for all the identified P450 genes ranged from 51 to 2,144. P450 proteins are divided into four different subfamilies based on phylogenetic relationship, gene structure, and chromosomal localization of gene replication. The length of P450 genes in upland cotton differs greatly, ranging from 1,500 to 13,000 bp. The number of exons in the P450 family genes ranged from 1 to 9, while the number of introns ranged from 0 to 8, and there were similar trends within clusters. A total of 31 cis-acting elements were identified by analyzing 1,500 bp promoter sequences. Differences were found in cis-acting elements among genes. The consistency between qRT-PCR and previous transcriptome analysis of salt tolerance DEGs indicated that they were likely to be involved in the salt tolerance of cotton seedlings. Our results provide valuable information on the evolutionary relationships of genes and functional characteristics of the gene family, which is beneficial for further study of the cotton P450 gene family.
Highlights
With the continuous expansion of activities related to human survival and the rapid development of industrial activities, earth’s environments are continuously deteriorating, which has led to great challenges in the development of agriculture
The expression heatmap of all the P450 family genes in upland cotton was drawn with the heatmap website10, with units of FPKM
The results showed that the molecular weight of the 156 P450 genes was in the range of 5,949.6–245,576.3 Da
Summary
With the continuous expansion of activities related to human survival and the rapid development of industrial activities, earth’s environments are continuously deteriorating, which has led to great challenges in the development of agriculture. Plant cytochrome P450 (P450) participates in a wide range of biosynthetic reactions and targets a variety of biological molecules These reactions lead to various fatty acid conjugates, plant hormones, secondary metabolites, lignin, and various defensive compounds (Schuler and Werck-Reichhart, 2003; Tang et al, 2016), e.g., CYP706B1 and CYP82D113 are involved in the biosynthesis of gossypol in plants (Ma et al, 2016; Teh et al, 2017). P450 genes participate in the primary metabolism of plants involved in the biosynthesis of essential sterols and steroid hormones (Mills et al, 2018) They may even perform chemical defense against specific pathogens in specific species (Schuler, 2010). The results of this research will help reveal the salt stress response mechanism in cotton
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