Abstract
APETALA2/Ethylene-Responsive Factor (AP2/ERF) gene family is plant specific transcription factor. It plays critical roles in development process, tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and responses to plant hormones. However, limited data are available on the contributions of AP2/ERF gene family in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). In the present study, 121 HvAP2/ERF genes in barley were identified by using bioinformatics methods. A total of 118 HvAP2/ERF (97.5%) genes were located on seven chromosomes. According to phylogenetic classification of AP2/ERF family in Arabidopsis, HvAP2/ERF proteins were divided into AP2 (APETALA2), RAV (Related to ABI3/VP), DREB (dehydration responsive element binding), ERF (ethylene responsive factors) and soloist sub families. The analysis of duplication events indicated that tandem repeat and segmental duplication contributed to the expansion of the AP2/ERF family in barley. HvDREB1s/2s genes displayed various expression patterns under abiotic stress and phytohormone. Taken together, the data generated in this study will be useful for genome-wide analysis to determine the precise role of the HvAP2/ERF gene during barley development, abiotic stress and phytohormone responses with the ultimate goal of improving crop production.
Highlights
The APETALA2/Ethylene-Responsive Factor (AP2/ERF) gene family is one of largest gene families, encoding plant-specific transcription factors
DREB1/2 genes were induced under drought and salt stress, indicating cross-talk between them [17, 21, 24,25,26]. These results suggest that the functions of DREB1s and DREB2s genes in combination with abscisic acid (ABA) are conserved both in monocot and dicot plants, and play an important role in plant drought and salt stress responses [20]
We identified 121 HvAP2/ERF genes in barley by using bioinformatics methods and constructed a phylogenetic tree
Summary
The APETALA2/Ethylene-Responsive Factor (AP2/ERF) gene family is one of largest gene families, encoding plant-specific transcription factors. With more extensive plant genome sequences, AP2/ERF gene family have been identified in various plants, such as Arabidopsis [3], rice [3], maize [4], sorghum [13], soybean [14], foxtail millet [15]. The expression level of twenty one genes in response to drought, high-salt stress and exogenous ABA was performed by Quantitative real-time PCR.
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