Abstract
Streptococcus gallolysticus (Sg) is an opportunistic Gram-positive, non-motile bacterium, which causes infective endocarditis, an inflammation of the inner lining of the heart. As Sg has acquired resistance with the available antibiotics, therefore, there is a dire need to find new therapeutic targets and potent drugs to prevent and treat this disease. In the current study, an in silico approach is utilized to link genomic data of Sg species with its proteome to identify putative therapeutic targets. A total of 1,138 core proteins have been identified using pan genomic approach. Further, using subtractive proteomic analysis, a set of 18 proteins, essential for bacteria and non-homologous to host (human), is identified. Out of these 18 proteins, 12 cytoplasmic proteins were selected as potential drug targets. These selected proteins were subjected to molecular docking against drug-like compounds retrieved from ZINC database. Furthermore, the top docked compounds with lower binding energy were identified. In this work, we have identified novel drug and vaccine targets against Sg, of which some have already been reported and validated in other species. Owing to the experimental validation, we believe our methodology and result are significant contribution for drug/vaccine target identification against Sg-caused infective endocarditis.
Highlights
Streptococcus gallolyticus (Sg) is Gram-positive, non-motile bacteria previously referred as Streptococcus bovis
The seven strains of Sg were retrieved from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)7
We have used an in silico approach in which 1,138 core proteins of 7 strains of Sg were determined from pan genome analysis
Summary
Streptococcus gallolyticus (Sg) is Gram-positive, non-motile bacteria previously referred as Streptococcus bovis. It is phenotypically diverse bacteria belonging to the Lancefield Group D Streptococci (Pasquereau-Kotula et al, 2018; Arjun et al, 2020) This bacterium grows in chain or pairs and is non-γ-hemolytic or slightly γ-hemolytic but sometimes shows alpha-hemolytic activity. Commonly present in microflora, approximately 2.5– 15% is present in the gastrointestinal tract of a healthy individual (Hinse et al, 2011) and become an opportunistic pathogen causing various diseases, including infective endocarditis, colon cancer, meningitis, and septicemia This opportunistic pathogenesis of Sg is dependent on genes involved in polysaccharide production, glucan mucopolysaccharide, a putative component of biofilm produced by this species, and three types of pili and collagen-binding protein (Takamura et al, 2014). These genes provide protection from host immune system and help in adherence to the epithelial lining of the heart (Rusniok et al, 2010), causing infection and resulting in endocarditis (Millar and Moore, 2004)
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