Abstract
BackgroundHongyingzi is a sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) cultivar for brewing Moutai liquor. For an overall understanding of the whole genome of Hongyingzi, we performed whole-genome resequencing technology to reveal its comprehensive variations.ResultsCompared with the BTx623 reference genome, we uncovered 1,885,774 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 309,381 small fragments insertions and deletions (Indels), 31,966 structural variations (SVs), and 217,273 copy number variations (CNVs). These alterations conferred 29,614 gene variations. It was also predicted that 35 gene variations were related to the multidrug and toxic efflux (MATE) transporter, chalcone synthase (CHS), ATPase isoform 10 (AHA10) transporter, dihydroflavonol-4-reductase (DFR), the laccase 15 (LAC15), flavonol 3′-hydroxylase (F3′H), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), O-methyltransferase (OMT), flavonoid 3′5′ hydroxylase (F3′5′H), UDP-glucose:sterol-glucosyltransferase (SGT), flavonol synthase (FLS), and chalcone isomerase (CHI) involved in the tannin synthesis.ConclusionsThese results would provide theoretical supports for the molecular markers developments and gene function studies related to the tannin synthesis, and the genetic improvement of liquor-making sorghum based on the genome editing technology.
Highlights
Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is the fifth largest cereal crop in the world after corn (Zea mays L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), which is widely distributed in the arid and semi-arid regions of the tropics, and one of the earliest cultivated cereal crops in China [1]
Plant materials Hongyingzi was used in this study, which approved by the Guizhou Crop Cultivar Approval Committee (Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China) in 2008, is a medium maturity sorghum cultivar used for brewing Moutai liquor and developed by Renhuai Fengyuan Organic Sorghum Breeding Center at Guizhou, China in 2008 [21]
The results showed that the 297,504,853 reads obtained with Hongyingzi were mapped to the BTx623 reference genome, with an effective depth of 56.10 X coverage, 95.94% of coverage at least one base, and 94.17% of coverage at least four bases (Table 2)
Summary
Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is the fifth largest cereal crop in the world after corn (Zea mays L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), which is widely distributed in the arid and semi-arid regions of the tropics, and one of the earliest cultivated cereal crops in China [1]. It has become a model crop for genome research of cereal crops because of its wide adaptability to environment, strong stress resistance, rich resources, and relatively small genome [2, 3]. For an overall understanding of the whole genome of Hongyingzi, we performed whole-genome resequencing technology to reveal its comprehensive variations
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