Abstract
Bamboo, one of the fastest growing plants, can be a promising model system to understand growth. The study provides an insight into the complex interplay between environmental signaling and cellular machineries governing initiation and persistence of growth in a subtropical bamboo (Dendrocalamus hamiltonii). Phenological and spatio-temporal transcriptome analysis of rhizome and shoot during the major vegetative developmental transitions of D. hamiltonii was performed to dissect factors governing growth. Our work signifies the role of environmental cues, predominantly rainfall, decreasing day length, and high humidity for activating dormant bud to produce new shoot, possibly through complex molecular interactions among phosphatidylinositol, calcium signaling pathways, phytohormones, circadian rhythm, and humidity responses. We found the coordinated regulation of auxin, cytokinin, brassinosteroid signaling and cell cycle modulators; facilitating cell proliferation, cell expansion, and cell wall biogenesis supporting persistent growth of emerging shoot. Putative master regulators among these candidates were identified using predetermined Arabidopsis thaliana protein-protein interaction network. We got clues that the growth signaling begins far back in rhizome even before it emerges out as new shoot. Putative growth candidates identified in our study can serve in devising strategies to engineer bamboos and timber trees with enhanced growth and biomass potentials.
Highlights
With the growing human population, demand for food, shelter, land, and fuel has led to rapid loss of forest resources
We found bamboo initiates growth during monsoon characterized by abundant humidity and decreasing day length from 13 h:58 min in summer to about 13 h: 26 min
We found that growth of bamboo spanned for about 14 weeks for attaining the maximum height (∼14 m)
Summary
With the growing human population, demand for food, shelter, land, and fuel has led to rapid loss of forest resources These natural resources are largely abundant with slow growing timber species which require decades to attain full maturity. Bamboos (family: Poaceae) are fast growing, biomass abundant plants possessing tremendous ability to regenerate and produce plurality of growing shoots each year (Lessard and Chouinard, 1980) They attain full maturity in a short period of 3–8 years. Higher carbon fixation and oxygen emission rates compared to other trees makes bamboo a promising bioresource for carbon sequestration and climate change management (http://www.bamboocentral.org/ shareinrepair/faq.htm). With these characteristics, bamboos have been fascinating plants among researchers since long. Putative molecular clues identified in the study could help in devising strategies for widening cultivation boundaries, increasing the growth rate, and biomass potential of other slow growing bamboos
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