Abstract
Developed genome-wide SNP marker data for kodo, proso, and little millet Marker data used to analyze genetic diversity Heritability results of various traits used to validate genetic data Millets are a diverse group of small-seeded grains that are rich in nutrients but have received relatively little advanced plant breeding research. Millets are important to smallholder farmers in Africa and Asia because of their short growing season, good stress tolerance, and high nutritional content. To advance the study and use of these species, we present genome-wide marker datasets and population structure analyses for three minor millets: kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum L.), little millet (Panicum sumatrense Roth), and proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.).We generated genome-wide marker data sets for 190 accessions of each species with genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). After filtering, we retained between 161 and 165 accessions of each species, with 3461, 2245, and 1882 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for kodo, little, and proso millet, respectively. Population genetic analysis revealed seven putative subpopulations of kodo millet and eight each of proso millet and little millet. To confirm the accuracy of this genetic data, we used public phenotype data on a subset of these accessions to estimate the heritability of various agronomically relevant phenotypes. Heritability values largely agree with the prior expectation for each phenotype, indicating that these SNPs provide an accurate genome-wide sample of genetic variation. These data represent one of first genome-wide population genetics analyses-and the most extensive-in these species and the first genomic analyses of any sort for little millet and kodo millet. These data will be a valuable resource for researchers and breeders trying to improve these crops for smallholder farmers.
Highlights
Millets are a diverse group of small-seeded grains that are rich in nutrients but have received relatively little advanced plant breeding research
Existing core collections were designed with the races of the species being a central focus
The results from this study represent one of the first genome-wide analyses for proso millet and the first for kodo millet and little millet, three orphan crops that are important for food security in developing nations
Summary
Millets are a diverse group of small-seeded grains that are rich in nutrients but have received relatively little advanced plant breeding research. Beauv.], and finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] all have complete genome sequences and well-established germplasm resources (Varshney et al, 2017; Zhang et al, 2012; Prasad 2017; Sehgal et al, 2015; Hittalmani et al, 2017; Jia et al, 2013; Bennetzen et al, 2012; Hatakeyama et al, 2017), most other millets have few if any resources available (Goron and Raizada, 2015) These crops are often important for smallholder farmers, especially in southeastern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa These crops are often important for smallholder farmers, especially in southeastern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa (FAO; http://www. fao.org/docrep/W1808E/w1808e0e.htm)
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