Abstract
Natural resistance-associated macrophage proteins (Nramps) are specific metal transporters in plants with different functions among various species. The evolutionary and functional information of the Nramp gene family in Spirodela polyrhiza has not been previously reported in detail. To identify the Nramp genes in S. polyrhiza, we performed genome-wide identification, characterization, classification, and cis-elements analysis among 22 species with 138 amino acid sequences. We also conducted chromosomal localization and analyzed the synteny relationship, promoter, subcellular localization, and expression patterns in S. polyrhiza. β-Glucuronidase staining indicated that SpNramp1 and SpNramp3 mainly accumulated in the root and joint between mother and daughter frond. Moreover, SpNramp1 was also widely displayed in the frond. SpNramp2 was intensively distributed in the root and frond. Quantitative real-time PCR results proved that the SpNramp gene expression level was influenced by Cd stress, especially in response to Fe or Mn deficiency. The study provides detailed information on the SpNramp gene family and their distribution and expression, laying a beneficial foundation for functional research.
Highlights
Natural resistance-associated macrophage proteins (Nramps), which comprise a highly conserved gene family across all species, from bacteria to humans, and are identified as an integral membrane protein family, are critical proton/metal transporters in plants [1,2,3,4].The genes of the Nramp transporter family play important roles in the transport of ions, such as Cd, Fe, Mn, and Zn [5,6,7,8,9,10]
We named Nramp genes based on the order of gene location in chromosomes or scaffolds, except for those that have been named in the previous studies
The study was the first to elaborate in detail about the Nramp gene family information in genome-wide in S. polyrhiza
Summary
Natural resistance-associated macrophage proteins (Nramps), which comprise a highly conserved gene family across all species, from bacteria to humans, and are identified as an integral membrane protein family, are critical proton/metal transporters in plants [1,2,3,4].The genes of the Nramp transporter family play important roles in the transport of ions, such as Cd, Fe, Mn, and Zn [5,6,7,8,9,10]. Natural resistance-associated macrophage proteins (Nramps), which comprise a highly conserved gene family across all species, from bacteria to humans, and are identified as an integral membrane protein family, are critical proton/metal transporters in plants [1,2,3,4]. In Arabidopsis thaliana, AtNramp is located in the plasma membrane and is identified as an Fe, Mn, and Cd transporter [11,12], whereas. AtNramp is involved in the transport of Cd and Fe [17]. AtNramp is involved in the intracellular transport of Cd [18]. The Nramp genes transport Fe, Cd, As, Mn, and other ions. OsNramp encodes a transport protein of Fe, As, and Cd, but not
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
