Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) in plant play a critical role in growth and development and in response to environmental stress. Polyamine oxidase (PAO) is a flavin adenine dinucleotide dependent enzyme that plays a major role in PA catabolism. For the first time, PAO genes in tea plant were screened for the whole genome-wide and seven CsPAO genes were identified, which were named CsPAO1-7. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed seven CsPAO protein sequences classed into three groups, including clade I, III, and IV. Compared with other plants, the tea plant lacked clade II members. Genetic structure and tissue specific expression analysis showed that there were significant differences among members of the CsPAO gene family. Among members of the CsPAOs family, CsPAO4 and CsPAO5 contain more introns and are highly expressed in various organizations. CsPAO1, CsPAO4, and CsPAO5 genes were cloned and expressed heterologously to verify theirs function. Heat map showed high response of CsPAO5 to drought stress, while CsPAO1 and CsPAO2 were sensitive to changes in nitrogen nutrition. Furthermore, exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) treatment indicated that the expression of most CsPAO genes in roots and leaves was significantly induced. In the root, Spm content increased significantly, while Put and Spd content decreased, suggesting that ABA has great influence on the biosynthesis of PAs. Anaerobic treatment of picked tea leaves showed that the decomposition of PAs was promoted to a certain extent. The above data help to clarify the role of CsPAO in response abiotic and nitrogen nutritional stresses in tea plants, and provide a reference perspective for the potential influence of PAs on the tea processing quality.
Highlights
Polyamines (PAs) are aliphatic nitrogen-containing bases, with low molecular weight and biological activity
To screen the Polyamine oxidase (PAO) gene in the Camellia sinensis genome, the reported AtPAO sequences were downloaded from the Arabidopsis gene annotation database TAIR, the reported OsPAO sequences were obtained from the Oryza sativa genome annotation database RCAR, and the PAO sequences of other species were obtained from NCBI
Using the AtPAO and OsPAO sequences as queries, seven PAO genes were identified from the Camellia sinensis genome database (TPIA http://tpia.teaplant.org/), and named CsPAO1-7
Summary
Polyamines (PAs) are aliphatic nitrogen-containing bases, with low molecular weight and biological activity. PAs have many important functions in plants. They play a vital role in flowering and development (Ahmed et al, 2017), leaf development and senescence (Sobieszczuk-Nowicka et al, 2015; Sobieszczuk-Nowicka, 2017), and fruit development and maturity (Liu and Moriguchi, 2007; Fortes and AgudeloRomero, 2018). Many studies have shown that the application of exogenous PAs enhanced the tolerance of plants to several abiotic stresses such as saline, drought, water logging, osmosis, heavy metals, and extreme temperatures (Alcazar et al, 2006; Handa and Mattoo, 2010; Ogawa and Mitsuya, 2011; Nambeesan et al, 2012; Pál et al, 2019; Yin et al, 2019). The above studies indicated that the intracellular PA level is regulated by the dynamic balance of biosynthesis and catabolism, which is crucial for maintaining the normal growth and development of plants
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