Abstract
BackgroundCyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are protein kinases regulating important cellular processes such as cell cycle and transcription. Many CDK genes also play a critical role during adipogenic differentiation, but the role of CDK gene family in regulating bovine adipocyte differentiation has not been studied. Therefore, the present study aims to characterize the CDK gene family in bovine and study their expression pattern during adipocyte differentiation.ResultsWe performed a genome-wide analysis and identified a number of CDK genes in several bovine species. The CDK genes were classified into 8 subfamilies through phylogenetic analysis. We found that 25 bovine CDK genes were distributed in 16 different chromosomes. Collinearity analysis revealed that the CDK gene family in Bos taurus is homologous with Bos indicus, Hybrid-Bos taurus, Hybrid Bos indicus, Bos grunniens and Bubalus bubalis. Several CDK genes had higher expression levels in preadipocytes than in differentiated adipocytes, as shown by RNA-seq analysis and qPCR, suggesting a role in the growth of emerging lipid droplets.ConclusionIn this research, 185 CDK genes were identified and grouped into eight distinct clades in Bovidae, showing extensively homology. Global expression analysis of different bovine tissues and specific expression analysis during adipocytes differentiation revealed CDK4, CDK7, CDK8, CDK9 and CDK14 may be involved in bovine adipocyte differentiation. The results provide a basis for further study to determine the roles of CDK gene family in regulating adipocyte differentiation, which is beneficial for beef quality improvement.
Highlights
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are protein kinases regulating important cellular processes such as cell cycle and transcription
CDK family proteins were recognized in Bos grunniens (22), Hybrid-Bos indicus (21), Hybrid-bos taurus (22), Bos mutus (24), Bison bison bison (22), Bos indicus (25) and Bubalus bubalis (24) (Additional file 1)
MDM2 facilitates adipocyte differentiation through CRTC-mediated activation of STAT3 [39]. These results revealed that the CDK gene family interact with each other and other genes, playing non-redundant roles and collectively regulating cell cycle, adipocyte differentiation or lipid metabolism
Summary
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are protein kinases regulating important cellular processes such as cell cycle and transcription. The present study aims to characterize the CDK gene family in bovine and study their expression pattern during adipocyte differentiation. A crucial factor that affects the flavor, freshness, juiciness, tenderness and color in beef is the intramuscular fat (IMF) content. The latter plays an key role in improving taste. C/EBPα and C/EBPβ are the key transcription factors in the regulatory network that functions during both MCE and terminal adipocyte differentiation [5]. When adipocytes accumulate above a threshold, terminal differentiation is initiated, and several genes are expressed to directly or indirectly regulate C/EBPα and PPARγ. We focus on the regulatory mechanism of the CDK gene family in adipocyte differentiation
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