Abstract
BackgroundSodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is one of the most widely used anionic alkyl sulfate surfactants. Toxicological information on SDS is accumulating, however, mechanisms of SDS toxicity regulation remain poorly understood. In this study, the relationship between the SDS-sensitive mutants and their intracellular ROS levels has been investigated.ResultsThrough a genome-scale screen, we have identified 108 yeast single-gene deletion mutants that are sensitive to 0.03% SDS. These genes were predominantly related to the cellular processes of metabolism, cell cycle and DNA processing, cellular transport, transport facilities and transport routes, transcription and the protein with binding function or cofactor requirement (structural or catalytic). Measurement of the intracellular ROS (reactive oxygen species) levels of these SDS-sensitive mutants showed that about 79% of SDS-sensitive mutants accumulated significantly higher intracellular ROS levels than the wild-type cells under SDS stress. Moreover, SDS could generate oxidative damage and up-regulate several antioxidant defenses genes, and some of the SDS-sensitive genes were involved in this process.ConclusionThis study provides insight on yeast genes involved in SDS tolerance and the elevated intracellular ROS caused by SDS stress, which is a potential way to understand the detoxification mechanisms of SDS by yeast cells.
Highlights
Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is one of the most widely used anionic alkyl sulfate surfactants
An overview of genes involved in the SDS sensitivity of yeast cells To investigate the cellular functions required for cell growth under a surplus of SDS, a yeast library of diploid nonessential gene deletion was screened to identify genes involved in the sensitivity to SDS
Of these 108 SDS-sensitive mutants, 85 mutants accumulated significantly higher intracellular Reactive oxygen spesies (ROS) levels under SDS stress compared with wild-type cells (Additional file 4: Fig. S3B and D), indicating that these 85 mutants might respond to lower concentration of SDS and thereby accumulated higher ROS levels than wild
Summary
Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is one of the most widely used anionic alkyl sulfate surfactants. Toxicological information on SDS is accumulating, mechanisms of SDS toxicity regulation remain poorly understood. Surfactants are organic pollutants distributed widely in the current environment, and their toxicity has caused widespread concern. SDS elicits both physical and biochemical effects on cells, with the membrane the primary target structure, and considered as a a typical cell wall perturbing agent. It is suggested that SDS causes elevated the glutathione production, lipid peroxidation as well as changes in carbon metabolism [5], leading to altered cell membrane stability and permeability as well as indirectly to increased accessibility of cell wall [6]. Deatiled mechanisms of SDS toxicity in microorganisms or higher eukaryotes are poorly understood
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