Abstract
MADS-box genes encode transcription factors that are involved in plant development control (particularly in floral organogenesis) and signal transduction pathways, though a comprehensive analysis of MADS-box family proteins in Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) is still missing. Here, we report a genome-wide analysis of the MADS-box gene family in Chinese jujube. Based on phylogenetic analyses, 52 jujube MADS-box genes were classified into 25 MIKCC-type, 3 MIKC*-type, 16 Mα, 5 Mβ and 3 Mγ genes. 37 genes were randomly distributed across all 12 putative chromosomes. We found that the type II genes are more complex than the type I genes and that tandem duplications have occurred in three groups of MADS-box genes. Meanwhile, some gene pairs in the same clade displayed similar or distinct expression profiles, suggesting possible functional redundancy or divergence. MIKCC-type genes exhibited typical temporal and spatial expression patterns in the four whorls of floral tissues. The expressions of B, C/D and E-type genes were significantly suppressed in phyllody as compared to flower, providing valuable evidence for their involvement in flower development. This study is the first comprehensive analysis of the MADS-box family in jujube, and provides valuable information for elucidating molecular regulation mechanism of jujube flower development.
Highlights
Chromosomes PositionMADS-box protein FBP24-like (LOC107416088) Chr410183943–10184983−floral homeotic protein AGAMOUS-like Chr[7 ] (LOC107423340)24407258–24408310−agamous-like MADSbox protein AGL80 (LOC107429240) Chr[1]
The coding domain sequences (CDS) length of the jujube MADS-box genes ranged from 387 bp to 1053 bp; the encoded proteins ranged from 128 to 350 amino acids in length, had a predicted molecular mass of 14.60–40.24 KDa, and protein pIs ranged from 4.34 to 9.91
The 25 MIKCC-type genes were further divided into 13 clades: FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP), AGL6, TOMATO MADS-box 8 (TM8), AGL17, AGL15, AGL12, AG, AP3/PI, SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1), B-sister (BS/TT16), SEPALLATA (SEP), and APETALA1/FRUITFULL (AP1/FUL), each clade containing 1 to 4 MADS-box genes
Summary
A genome-wide analysis of the jujube MADS-box gene family may be useful for revealing the unique flowering mechanism of this species at the molecular level. We identified 52 MADS-box genes in the jujube genome, analyzed their phylogenetic relationships and gene structures, and predicted their chromosomal localization. We found that jujube MADS-box genes contained between 1 to 11 exons. Genomic distribution and duplication of jujube MADS-box genes.
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