Abstract
The importance of SPX domain-encoding proteins to phosphate (Pi) homeostasis and signaling pathways has been well-documented in rice and Arabidopsis. However, global information and responses of SPX members to P stress in allotetraploid Brassica napus, one of the world’s major oil crops that is sensitive to P deficiency, remain undefined. We identified a total of 69 SPX domain-containing genes in the B. napus genome. Based on the domain organizations, these genes were classified into four distinct subfamilies—SPX (11), SPX-EXS (43), SPX-MFS (8), and SPX-RING (7)—that represented clear orthologous relationships to their family members in Arabidopsis. A cis-element analysis indicated that 2 ∼ 4 P1BS elements were enriched in the promoter of SPX subfamily genes except BnaSPX4s. RNA-Seq analysis showed that BnaSPX genes were differentially expressed in response to Pi deficiency. Furthermore, quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR revealed that nine SPX subfamily genes were significantly induced by Pi starvation and recovered rapidly after Pi refeeding. A functional analysis of two paralogous BnaSPX1 genes in transgenic Arabidopsis indicated their functional divergence during long-term evolution. This comprehensive study on the abundance, molecular characterization and responses to Pi deficiency of BnaSPX genes provides insights into the structural and functional diversities of these family members in B. napus and provides a solid foundation for future functional studies of BnaSPX genes.Highlight: The genome-wide identification and characterization of SPX genes in B. napus and their responses to Pi deficiency provide comprehensive insights into the structural and functional diversities of the family members in B. napus and their potential in Pi homeostasis and signaling responsiveness to Pi stress.
Highlights
Phosphorus (P), an indispensable macronutrient for plant growth and development, is absorbed by root systems in the form of inorganic phosphate (Pi) from soil matrices (Nussaume et al, 2011)
Genes encoding SPX domain-containing proteins were identified in the B. napus genome by employing homology searches and domain confirmation analysis, and a total of 69 SPX genes (BnaSPXs) were identified in the genome of B. napus
We identified 69 SPX genes from the B. napus genome and established their classification and phylogeny using phylogenetic, gene structure, and conserved protein motif analyses
Summary
Phosphorus (P), an indispensable macronutrient for plant growth and development, is absorbed by root systems in the form of Pi from soil matrices (Nussaume et al, 2011). Pi in soils is dilute and less diffusible because it mainly exists as an integral component in Ca, Fe or Al salts, or in the form of organic molecules (Raghothama and Karthikeyan, 2005). Considerable information has been gathered on the components of the Pi starvation signaling pathway that has been well reviewed in the past decade (Chiou and Lin, 2011; Wu et al, 2013; Zhang et al, 2014; Baker et al, 2015); increasing studies have established the importance of SPX domain-containing proteins in Pi homeostasis and Pi signaling. The identification and characterization of SPX members has been completed in many plant species including Arabidopsis (Duan et al, 2008), soybeans (Yao et al, 2014a), common beans (Yao et al, 2014b), and rice (Wang et al, 2009, 2014; Liu et al, 2010; Shi et al, 2014)
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