Genome-wide characterization of bZIP gene family identifies potential members involved in flavonoids biosynthesis in Ginkgo biloba L.

Huan Han,Jiabao Ye,Li Yu,Mingyue Fu,Weiwei Zhang,Feng Xu,Xiaoyan Yang,Yuting Li,Yongling Liao

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-02839-2

Huan Han, Jiabao Ye + Show 7 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-02839-2

Copy DOI

Journal: Scientific Reports	Publication Date: Dec 1, 2021
Citations: 15	License type: open-access

Affiliation: Yangtze University, Huanggang Normal University

Abstract

Ginkgo biloba L. is an ancient relict plant with rich pharmacological activity and nutritional value, and its main physiologically active components are flavonoids and terpene lactones. The bZIP gene family is one of the largest gene families in plants and regulates many processes including pathogen defense, secondary metabolism, stress response, seed maturation, and flower development. In this study, genome-wide distribution of the bZIP transcription factors was screened from G. biloba database in silico analysis. A total of 40 bZIP genes were identified in G. biloba and were divided into 10 subclasses. GbbZIP members in the same group share a similar gene structure, number of introns and exons, and motif distribution. Analysis of tissue expression pattern based on transcriptome indicated that GbbZIP08 and GbbZIP15 were most highly expressed in mature leaf. And the expression level of GbbZIP13 was high in all eight tissues. Correlation analysis and phylogenetic tree analysis suggested that GbbZIP08 and GbbZIP15 might be involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis. The transcriptional levels of 20 GbbZIP genes after SA, MeJA, and low temperature treatment were analyzed by qRT-PCR. The expression level of GbbZIP08 was significantly upregulated under 4°C. Protein–protein interaction network analysis indicated that GbbZIP09 might participate in seed germination by interacting with GbbZIP32. Based on transcriptome and degradome data, we found that 32 out of 117 miRNAs were annotated to 17 miRNA families. The results of this study may provide a theoretical foundation for the functional validation of GbbZIP genes in the future.

Highlights

Ginkgo biloba L. is an ancient relict plant with rich pharmacological activity and nutritional value, and its main physiologically active components are flavonoids and terpene lactones
Multiple sequence alignment of the conserved domain sequences of 40 GbbZIP members showed that the basic region is composed of N-(X)7-R/K, and the zipper domain is composed of the heptapeptide repeat of leucine (L) or related hydrophobic amino acids (Fig. 1)
The genome-wide distribution of the GbbZIP gene family was identified in G. biloba

Summary

Introduction

Ginkgo biloba L. is an ancient relict plant with rich pharmacological activity and nutritional value, and its main physiologically active components are flavonoids and terpene lactones. When plants are subjected to low temperature, drought, salt stress, or exogenous hormones, transcription factors are induced to bind to the corresponding cis-acting elements, activating the expression of downstream genes to improve plant tolerance. HY5 can improve plant cold tolerance through direct regulation of CBF or indirect regulation of MYB1521.Anthocyanins accumulation could be inhibited by Gibberellins at low temperature in plants, while the expression level of the gibberellin signaling pathway gene GA2ox[1] showed HY5-dependent[22]. Droge et al.[28] isolated the G/HBF-1 (bZIP) TF from soybean and found that G/HBF-1 can bind to the H-box and G-box in the promoter region of the CHS gene to activate CHS gene expression and substantially increase phytoalexin level, thereby improving disease resistance in soybean. Regulating the expression of TFs is another effective way to increase flavonoid content

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion