Abstract
Simple SummaryThe brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (BPH) is one of the main rice pests in Asian areas. The development of rice varieties harboring resistance genes is the most economical and effective method of managing BPH. In this study, 123 rice germplasms were identified for resistance and durable resistance by using the rice planthopper resistance identification system. Forty-two of the 123 rice varieties were classified as resistant to brown planthopper, and among them, twelve rice varieties had a long, durable resistance period. One potential durable resistance to brown planthopper locus on chromosome 2 was found by a genome-wide association study (GWAS). There are 13 candidate genes at this locus, and several of them are related to disease and pest resistance. Our study found a potential durable resistance locus to BPH, which has guiding significance for subsequent resistance breeding.The brown planthopper (BPH) is one of the main pests endangering rice yields. The development of rice varieties harboring resistance genes is the most economical and effective method of managing BPH. To identify new BPH resistance-related genes, a total of 123 rice varieties were assessed for resistance and durable resistance. Three varieties were immune, and nine were highly resistant to BPH. After whole-genome resequencing of all 123 varieties, 1,897,845 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay analysis showed that the average LD of the SNPs at 20 kb was 0.30 (r2) and attenuated to half value (~0.30) at a distance of about 233 kb. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of durable resistance to BPH was conducted using the Fast-MLM model. One quantitative trait locus, identified on chromosome 2, included 13 candidate genes. Two candidate genes contained a leucine-rich repeat and CC-NBS-LRR or NB-ARC domains, which might confer resistance to pests or diseases. Interestingly, LOC_Os02g27540 was highly expressed and was induced by BPH; GWAS identified potential rice genes coding for durable resistance to BPH. This study helps to elucidate the mechanism of durable resistance to BPH in rice and provides essential genetic information for breeding and functional verification of resistant varieties.
Highlights
Rice (Oryza sativa) is the leading food for nearly half the world’s population and about90% of it is produced in Asian countries [1]
There are three advantages of brown planthopper (BPH) that help them become the primary pest in rice fields
After the rice tillering stage, the leaves are densely distributed on the upper plant, which blocks pesticides applied through standard spraying methods and reduces the pesticide exposure of the BPH
Summary
Rice (Oryza sativa) is the leading food for nearly half the world’s population and about90% of it is produced in Asian countries [1]. There are three advantages of BPHs that help them become the primary pest in rice fields. The adult BPH has prominent wing dimorphism. The long-winged adults (macropterous form) can migrate long distances to escape harsh conditions and seek suitable environments for survival and reproduction. Short-winged adults (brachypterous form) cannot fly; compared with the macropterous form, the brachypterous female can reproduce quickly and expand the population [4,5,6]. The BPH has a short generation cycle and fast metabolism, which help it to develop resistance to chemical pesticides. The BPH has developed resistance to 31 chemical pesticides, including imidacloprid, dinotefuran, and clothianidin [7]. After the rice tillering stage, the leaves are densely distributed on the upper plant, which blocks pesticides applied through standard spraying methods and reduces the pesticide exposure of the BPH
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