Abstract
Abstract Temperate japonica rice plays a very important role in food security. In this study, a set of 191 temperate japonica accessions from 30 countries were planted in two sites in China, and 12 agronomic traits were measured. The results showed a wide range of variation for the traits measured. Most of the accessions are short; three accessions with large panicles and seven accessions with large grains were identified. Sixty-two quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified for 12 traits that were measured. Among them, twenty-one QTLs were identified in both experiments, and 41 QTLs were identified in only one site. Some known genes are located in the QTL regions identified in our study. SNP markers for grain size were identified and could be efficiently used for breeding selection. This study provided useful information for future gene validation and marker assisted selection for some important agronomic traits of temperate japonica rice.
Highlights
Temperate japonica rice occupies 20% of the rice cultivation area worldwide, mainly distributed in high altitude and high latitude areas
Phenotypic variation among the accessions Most of the traits are normally distributed with skewness and kurtosis less than 2.0, except for awn length and spikelet fertility (Table S2)
We identified three accessions with more than 240 spikelets per panicle, and seven accessions with large grains (TGW>35g)
Summary
Temperate japonica rice occupies 20% of the rice cultivation area worldwide, mainly distributed in high altitude and high latitude areas. It generally has better plant structure and higher yield than indica rice. Rice yield components include number of panicles per given area, the number of spikelets per panicle, the percent of filled grains per panicle, and the weight of each grain. Among these components, panicle size and grain size (weight) are very important for increasing rice yield. Since all the yield-related traits are controlled by multiple genes, it is important to identify more QTLs/genes and useful alleles of the known genes from the natural germplasm
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