Abstract
Diseases caused by crown rust (Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae) and powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. avenae) are among the most important constraints for the oat crop. Breeding for resistance is one of the most effective, economical, and environmentally friendly means to control these diseases. The purpose of this work was to identify elite alleles for rust and powdery mildew resistance in oat by association mapping to aid selection of resistant plants. To this aim, 177 oat accessions including white and red oat cultivars and landraces were evaluated for disease resistance and further genotyped with 31 simple sequence repeat and 15,000 Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) markers to reveal association with disease resistance traits. After data curation, 1712 polymorphic markers were considered for association analysis. Principal component analysis and a Bayesian clustering approach were applied to infer population structure. Five different general and mixed linear models accounting for population structure and/or kinship corrections and two different statistical tests were carried out to reduce false positive. Five markers, two of them highly significant in all models tested were associated with rust resistance. No strong association between any marker and powdery mildew resistance at the seedling stage was identified. However, one DArT sequence, oPt-5014, was strongly associated with powdery mildew resistance in adult plants. Overall, the markers showing the strongest association in this study provide ideal candidates for further studies and future inclusion in strategies of marker-assisted selection.
Highlights
Oat is a grain crop of Mediterranean origin used for both human food and animal feed as well as a green or conserved fodder and, more recently, as a winter cover crop in no-till rotations (Stevens et al, 2004)
As a first step for the association study, population structure was inferred since it has great implications on the design and analysis of genome wide association studies (GWAS)
Four oat groups could be detected albeit they presented a certain degree of admixture according to STRUCTURE software with up to 30% of accessions having less than 80% membership to a determinate group
Summary
Oat is a grain crop of Mediterranean origin used for both human food and animal feed as well as a green or conserved fodder and, more recently, as a winter cover crop in no-till rotations (Stevens et al, 2004). Avena sativa L. including both white and red oat Several pathogenic fungi can infect oats and drastically reduce its yield including biotrophic pathogens such as powdery mildew These fungi have very efficient spreading mechanisms, hampering their control by crop management measures such as rotation and the use of resistant varieties is one of the best control alternatives (Stevens et al, 2004)
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