Abstract
BackgroundIn terms of global demand, rapeseed is the third-largest oilseed crop after soybeans and palm, which produces vegetable oil for human consumption and biofuel for industrial production. Roots are vital organs for plant to absorb water and attain mineral nutrients, thus they are of great importance to plant productivity. However, the genetic mechanisms regulating root development in rapeseed remain unclear. In the present study, seven root-related traits and shoot biomass traits in 280 Brassica napus accessions at five continuous vegetative stages were measured to establish the genetic basis of root growth in rapeseed.ResultsThe persistent and stage-specific genetic mechanisms were revealed by root dynamic analysis. Sixteen persistent and 32 stage-specific quantitative trait loci (QTL) clusters were identified through genome-wide association study (GWAS). Root samples with contrasting (slow and fast) growth rates throughout the investigated stages and those with obvious stage-specific changes in growth rates were subjected to transcriptome analysis. A total of 367 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with persistent differential expressions throughout root development were identified, and these DEGs were significantly enriched in GO terms, such as energy metabolism and response to biotic or abiotic stress. Totally, 485 stage-specific DEGs with different expressions at specific stage were identified, and these DEGs were enriched in GO terms, such as nitrogen metabolism. Four candidate genes were identified as key persistent genetic factors and eight as stage-specific ones by integrating GWAS, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and differential expression analysis. These candidate genes were speculated to regulate root system development, and they were less than 100 kb away from peak SNPs of QTL clusters. The homologs of three genes (BnaA03g52990D, BnaA06g37280D, and BnaA09g07580D) out of 12 candidate genes have been reported to regulate root development in previous studies.ConclusionsSixteen QTL clusters and four candidate genes controlling persistently root development, and 32 QTL clusters and eight candidate genes stage-specifically regulating root growth in rapeseed were detected in this study. Our results provide new insights into the temporal genetic mechanisms of root growth by identifying key candidate QTL/genes in rapeseed.
Highlights
Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.; Brassicaceae), a globally cultivated crop, is one of the essential vegetable oil sources, and an important emerging biodiesel and biofuel sources for industrial production [1]
Phenotypic analysis of 280 B. napus accessions reveals genetic stability of root development To examine dynamic growth patterns of roots during the vegetative stage, the hydroponic system was used for evaluating root-related traits and shoot biomass traits of 280 B. napus accessions which were sampled at 13 days after sowing (DAS) from the germination device and at 10 days after transplanting (10 10 Days after transferring (DAT), equal to 16 DAS), three expanding leaves (3 Seven expending leaves (EL)), 5 EL, and 7 EL from the growth device with three biological replications for each sample, respectively (Additional file 1: Figure S1a–e)
The results suggested that early root development traits were positively correlated with late root traits, suggesting that root development was a continuous process influenced by early genetic factors
Summary
Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.; Brassicaceae), a globally cultivated crop, is one of the essential vegetable oil sources, and an important emerging biodiesel and biofuel sources for industrial production [1]. Li et al Biotechnol Biofuels (2021) 14:178 biodiesel is mainly made from the monounsaturated fatty acids from vegetable oils [2]. Rapeseed oil has the highest percentage of monounsaturated fatty acids among the plant oils. In terms of global demand, rapeseed is the third-largest oilseed crop after soybeans and palm, which produces vegetable oil for human consumption and biofuel for industrial production. Seven rootrelated traits and shoot biomass traits in 280 Brassica napus accessions at five continuous vegetative stages were measured to establish the genetic basis of root growth in rapeseed
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