Abstract
BackgroundSalt damage is an important abiotic stress that affects the growth and yield of maize worldwide. As an important member of the salt overly sensitive (SOS) signal transduction pathway, the SOS3 gene family participates in the transmission of stress signals and plays a vital role in improving the salt tolerance of plants.ResultsIn this study, we identified 59 SOS3 genes in the maize B73 genome using bioinformatics methods and genome-wide analyses. SOS3 proteins were divided into 5 different subfamilies according to the phylogenetic relationships. A close relationship between the phylogenetic classification and intron mode was observed, with most SOS3 genes in the same group sharing common motifs and similar exon-intron structures in the corresponding genes. These genes were unequally distributed on five chromosomes of B73. A total of six SOS3 genes were identified as repeated genes, and 12 pairs of genes were proven to be segmentally duplicated genes, indicating that gene duplication may play an important role in the expansion of the SOS3 gene family. The expression analysis of 10 genes that were randomly selected from different subgroups suggested that all 10 genes were significantly differentially expressed within 48 h after salt treatment, of which eight SOS3 genes showed a significant decline while Zm00001d025938 and Zm00001d049665 did not. By observing the subcellular localization results, we found that most genes were expressed in chloroplasts while some genes were expressed in the cell membrane and nucleus.ConclusionsOur study provides valuable information for elucidating the evolutionary relationship and functional characteristics of the SOS3 gene family and lays the foundation for further study of the SOS3 gene family in the maize B73 genome.
Highlights
Salt damage is an important abiotic stress that affects the growth and yield of maize worldwide
Identification of SOS3 gene family members in the maize B73 genome Ninety-three SOS3 genes were obtained from the maize B73 genome using a putative EF hand-type calcium binding domain as a query by HMMER software
The SOS3 protein encoded by nonrepresentative transcripts was excluded, and CDD, Pfam, and SMART were used to check the remaining sequences for the presence of a complete SOS3 domain
Summary
Salt damage is an important abiotic stress that affects the growth and yield of maize worldwide. As an important member of the salt overly sensitive (SOS) signal transduction pathway, the SOS3 gene family participates in the transmission of stress signals and plays a vital role in improving the salt tolerance of plants. Plant salt tolerance mainly involves three aspects, namely, cell homeostasis maintenance (including ion and osmosis), detoxification (such as removal of reactive oxygen species) and growth regulation (such as cell division and stretching) [2, 3]. When plants are under salt stress, the salt overly sensitive (SOS) pathway is activated to regulate ion homeostasis and improve the sodium tolerance of plants [3]
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