Abstract
Growth-regulating factors (GRFs) are plant-specific transcription factors that perform important functions in plant growth and development. Herein, we identified and characterised 24 AhGRF genes in peanut (Arachis hypogaea). AhGRF family genes were divided into six classes with OLQ and WRC domains. Transcriptome expression profile showed that more AhGRF genes, such as AhGRF5a gene, were at higher expression during pod development in Arachis monticola than cultivated species, especially at the pod rapid-expansion stage. AhGRF5a and AhGRF5b genes expressed at higher levels in pods than roots, leaves and stems tissues, existing in the difference between Arachis monticola and H8107. Exogenous GA3 application can activate AhGRF5a and AhGRF5b genes and H8107 line showed more positive response than Arachis monticola species. These results imply that these two AhGRF genes may be active during the peanut pod development.
Highlights
Transcription factors are highly variable and display functional diversity, and it is a DNA-binding protein that can interact with cis-acting elements in the promoter region of eukaryotic genes
A total of 24 AhGRF genes were identified in peanut, named AhGRF1 to AhGRF20 based on their physical locations on chromosomes (Figure S1)
Expression profiles showed that AhGRF5a was expressed at high levels in A.mon and H8107, and their expression levels revealed that AhGRF5a and AhGRF5b expressed higher levels in pod and showed positive response with GA3 treatment
Summary
Transcription factors are highly variable and display functional diversity, and it is a DNA-binding protein that can interact with cis-acting elements in the promoter region of eukaryotic genes. Through their interaction with each other and with other related proteins, it can activate or inhibit the transcription process, and it is the main regulator of gene expression. With advances in gene sequencing technology, the GRF family has been studied in many plant species including Arabidopsis thaliana, O. sativa, Zea mays, Brassica napus, Cucumis sativus L., Nicotiana tabacum, and other crops. Most GRF proteins possess short-chain amino acids in the C-terminal region, for example, the TQL (Thr-Glu-Leu) and GGPL (Gly-Gly-Pro-Leu) motifs [9]
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