Abstract
BackgroundThe AP2/ERF family includes a large number of developmentally and physiologically important transcription factors sharing an AP2 DNA-binding domain. Among them DREB1/CBF and DREB2 factors are known as master regulators respectively of cold and heat/osmotic stress responses.Experimental ApproachesThe manual annotation of AP2/ERF family from Eucalyptus grandis, Malus, Populus and Vitis genomes allowed a complete phylogenetic study for comparing the structure of this family in woody species and the model Arabidopsis thaliana. Expression profiles of the whole groups of EgrDREB1 and EgrDREB2 were investigated through RNAseq database survey and RT-qPCR analyses.ResultsThe structure and the size of the AP2/ERF family show a global conservation for the plant species under comparison. In addition to an expansion of the ERF subfamily, the tree genomes mainly differ with respect to the group representation within the subfamilies. With regard to the E. grandis DREB subfamily, an obvious feature is the presence of 17 DREB1/CBF genes, the maximum reported to date for dicotyledons. In contrast, only six DREB2 have been identified, which is similar to the other plants species under study, except for Malus. All the DREB1/CBF and DREB2 genes from E. grandis are expressed in at least one condition and all are heat-responsive. Regulation by cold and drought depends on the genes but is not specific of one group; DREB1/CBF group is more cold-inducible than DREB2 which is mainly drought responsive.ConclusionThese features suggest that the dramatic expansion of the DREB1/CBF group might be related to the adaptation of this evergreen tree to climate changes when it expanded in Australia.
Highlights
Native to Australia, Eucalyptus tree species are among the fastest growing woody plants in the world and represent about 8% of all planted forest with over 18 million hectares grown in 90 countries [1]
The structure and the size of the AP2/ERF family show a global conservation for the plant species under comparison
With regard to the E. grandis DREB subfamily, an obvious feature is the presence of 17 DREB1/ CBF genes, the maximum reported to date for dicotyledons
Summary
Native to Australia, Eucalyptus tree species are among the fastest growing woody plants in the world and represent about 8% of all planted forest with over 18 million hectares grown in 90 countries [1]. This resource was surveyed to manually annotate the AP2/ERF (APETALA2/Ethylene-Responsive element binding Factor) family which is characterized by a highly conserved AP2-DNA binding domain [4, 5]. This transcription factor family is known to play a key role in various developmental and adaptive processes in plants, in particular through biotic and abiotic stress response [6, 7]. The ERF subfamily includes a large number of proteins binding to the GCC box [19], an ethylene responsive element located in the promoter of pathogenesis-related genes [20]. Expression profiles of the whole groups of EgrDREB1 and EgrDREB2 were investigated through RNAseq database survey and RT-qPCR analyses
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