Abstract
FVE/MSI4 is a homolog of the mammalian RbAp48 protein. We found that FVE regulates flowering time by repressing FLC through decreasing histone H3K4 trimethylation and H3 acetylation. Furthermore, FVE interacts with the histone deacetylase HDA6 and the histone demethylase FLD, suggesting that these proteins may form a protein complex to regulate flowering time. To further investigate the function of the FVE-FLD-HDA6 complex, we compared the gene expression profiles of fve, fld, and hda6 mutant plants by using RNA-seq analysis. Among the mis-regulated genes found in fve plants, 51.8 and 36.5% of them were also mis-regulated in fld and hda6 plants, respectively, suggesting that FVE, HDA6, and FLD may regulate the gene expression in the same developmental processes in Arabidopsis. Gene ontology analysis revealed that among 383 genes co-regulated by FVE, HDA6, and FLD, 15.6% of them are involved in transcription, 8.2% in RNA metabolic process, 7.7% in response to abiotic stress, and 6.3% in hormone stimulus. Taken together, these results indicate that HDA6, FVE, and FLD co-regulate the gene expression in multiple development processes and pathways.
Highlights
MSI1-like WD40 repeat (MSIL) proteins are subunits of many protein complexes controlling chromatin dynamics (Hennig et al, 2005)
It was found that FVE/MSI4 is required for transcriptional repression of FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) encoding a repressor of the transition from vegetative to reproductive development in Arabidopsis
MSIL proteins were found in all eukaryotes but seem to be absent in prokaryotes (Hennig et al, 2005)
Summary
MSI1-like WD40 repeat (MSIL) proteins are subunits of many protein complexes controlling chromatin dynamics (Hennig et al, 2005). Genetic screening identified a number of autonomous pathway genes including FVE, FLD, LD, FLK, FY, FCA, and FPA (Koornneef et al, 1998; Simpson, 2004) Mutations in these loci result in late flowering in both long day and short day photoperiods (Koornneef et al, 1998; Simpson, 2004). HDA6 was shown to associate with FVE/MSI4 in repression of FLC expression (Gu et al, 2011) These data suggested that HDA6 may form a HDAC complex with FVE and FLD to regulate gene expression in control of flowering time. Transcriptome analysis indicated that FVE, HDA6, and FLD co-regulate the gene expression involved in cell wall-loosening, transport, transcription, and hormone signaling in Arabidopsis
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