Genome-Wide Analysis of Dynamin Gene Family in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and Transcriptional Regulation of Family Members ARC5 in Hormonal Treatments.

Cao Cao,Liu Liu,Min Min,Huang Huang,Wang Wang,Chen Chen,Li Li,Guo Guo

doi:10.3390/ijms20205094

Abstract

The Dynamin gene family play a significance role in many physiological processes, especially ARC5 (Accumulation and replication of chloroplasts 5) in the process of plastid division. We performed a genome-wide analysis of the cassava Dynamin family based on the published cassava genome sequence and identified ARC5. 23 cassava Dynamins (MeDynamins) were identified and renamed. 23 MeDynamins were further divided into five major groups based on their structural and phylogenetic characteristics. The segmental duplication events have a significant impact on the expansion of MeDynamins. ARC5 expression analysis showed that there were differences between leaves and roots of cassava at different developmental stages. The tissue-specific expression analysis of the MeDynamins showed that most of MeDynamins were expressed in stem apical meristem and embryogenesis, whereas ARC5 was mainly expressed in leaves. The processing of IAA (Indole-3-acetic Acid) and MeJA (Methyl Jasmonate) verified the prediction results of cis-elements, and ACR5 was closely related to plant growth and positively correlated. It also indicated that high concentrations of MeJA treatment caused the cassava defense mechanism to function in advance. In conclusion, these findings provide basic insights for functional validation of the ARC5 genes in exogenous hormonal treatments.

Highlights

Plastids descended from a free-living cyanobacterium, which formed a chloroplast in a potentially not too long historical period through an endosymbiotic event more than a billion years ago, and evolved into the different types of plastids that we see [1,2]
A total of 23 putative Dynamin genes were identified in the cassava genome through a BLAST search and HMMER analysis and were annotated as the MeDynamins, and 23 MeDynamins were renamed from MeDynamin1 to MeDynamin23 according to their order in which they were screened
The predicted subcellular localization indicated that six MeDynamins were positioned in mitochondrial matrix space, five proteins were positioned in microbodies, two proteins were positioned in cytoplasm, five proteins were positioned in chloroplast matrix, and one protein was positioned in plasma membrane

Summary

Introduction

Plastids descended from a free-living cyanobacterium, which formed a chloroplast in a potentially not too long historical period through an endosymbiotic event more than a billion years ago, and evolved into the different types of plastids that we see [1,2]. Chloroplasts are chlorophyll-containing plastids, which are ubiquitous in green plants and are the places where green plants photosynthesize. Chloroplasts are plant-specific organelles, and their main mode of proliferation is binary division. The division of chloroplasts is achieved by the synergistic action of various proteins. These proteins have both prokaryotic origin, such as FtsZ (the filamentous temperature sensitive protein Z) family and ARC6 [3,4], and eukaryotic origin, such as PDV1 (plastid division1), PDV2 and ARC5 [5,6]. The previous study showed that the majority of genes regulating cyanobacterial cell division undergo metastasis and translation after endosymbiosis [7], but that other genes of eukaryotic origin have been recruited to function in plastid division [8,9,10]. The most prominent gene is ARC5 in this process, a GTPase-induced actin, called DRP5B (Dynamin-related protein 5B) [11]

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion