Abstract
Whole-genome sequences of four EMS (ethyl methanesulfonate)-induced eggplant mutants were analyzed to identify genome-wide mutations. In total, 173.01 GB of paired-end reads were obtained for four EMS-induced mutants and (WT) wild type and 1,076,010 SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) and 183,421 indels were identified. The most common mutation type was C/G to T/A transitions followed by A/T to G/C transitions. The mean densities were one SNP per 1.3 to 2.6 Mb. The effect of mutations on gene function was annotated and only 7.2% were determined to be deleterious. KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway analysis showed 10 and 11 genes, which were nonsynonymous mutation or frameshift deletion in 48-5 and L6-5 involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis or flavone and flavonol biosynthesis. QRT-PCR results showed that only the Sme2.5_06210.1_g00004.1, which was annotated as UFGT (Flavonoid galactosidase transferase), expression significantly decreased in the L6-5 mutant compared with the WT. Also, the Sme2.5_06210.1_g00004.1 expression was lower in the colorless eggplant compared with colorful eggplant in the natural eggplant cultivar. These results suggest that Sme2.5_06210.1_g00004.1 may play a key role in eggplant anthocyanin synthesis.
Highlights
Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is an important vegetable in sub-tropic and tropic areas
Three eggplants peel was mixed as a repeations and there were 3times repeations The total RNA of the eggplant peels of L6-5 and 48-5 was extracted as the column plant RNAout 2.0 kit manual (Tian Enze Beijing)
ID: ko03008), metabolic pathways (Pathway ID:ko01100), and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites
Summary
Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is an important vegetable in sub-tropic and tropic areas. High-throughput sequencing has been applied as a forward genetic method that identifies candidate genes within a few months [16]. New methods, such as MutMap [13] and MutMap+ [17], have been developed to clone mutations in EMS-induced mutants. Besides the Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomics approach, genome-wide analysis of the EMS-induced mutations is a reverse-genetic approach for mutant screening [9,12]. Genome-wide re-sequencing results showed that there are abounds of SNPs and indels between the WT and EMS-induced mutants, which include spontaneous mutations and EMS-induced mutations [9,12]. Whole-genome re-sequencing was performed on wild type and four EMS-induced mutants to characterize the mutations
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