Abstract
The genomes of all groups of viruses whose sequences are listed on Pubmed, specimens since 1918, analyzed by a software from Bioradar UK Ltd., contain Replikins which range in concentration from a Replikin Count (number of Replikins per 100 amino acids) of less than 1 to 30 (see accompanying communications for higher Counts in tuberculosis, malaria, and cancer, associated with higher lethality). Counts of less than 4.0 were found in ‘resting’ virus states; Counts greater than 4.0, found to be associated with rapid replication, were found invariably to accompany or to predict virus outbreaks, by as much as two years, in viral hosts examined from salmon, to birds, to livestock, to humans. X-ray diffraction showed Replikins to be on the surface of the hemagglutinin gene of influenza and to spread as the Count increased from 3.2 to 10.1, prior to, then during, the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. The degree of lethality of these outbreaks was found to be a function of the statistically significant increase in Replikin Count, particularly in the influenza polymerase gene p B1 or its equivalent in other viruses. Prediction up to two years in advance of the outbreak, and the geographic location of the outbreak, now done in 7/7 trials (see Bogoch, Nature Precedings), has permitted the solid phase synthesis of Replikin vaccines in 7 days, with time to permit manufacture, adequate testing for safety and efficacy, and distribution freeze-dried to all populations. These completely synthetic Replikins vaccines so far have been shown to be effective against Taura Syndrome virus in shrimp, and H5N1 in chickens. Thus for the first time this new technology provides the practical possibility to prevent pandemics rather than just to react to them.
Highlights
Replikins are the only conserved structures of infectious organisms described to date which correlate quantitatively and temporally with epidemic outbreaks, course, and lethality, and permit early or advance warning of such outbreaks
Areas in the genome were sought which were associated with high Replikin Counts and high mortality rates; the high Count area was named Replikin Lethality Gene
An independent statistical analysis for H1N11 of the significance of the changes in Replikin Counts is relevant as precedent to evaluating both the constancy and changes observed in H5N1 in the present study
Summary
Replikins are the only conserved structures of infectious organisms described to date which correlate quantitatively and temporally with epidemic outbreaks, course, and lethality, and permit early or advance warning of such outbreaks. Replikins are genomic structures defined by the algorithm: peptides 7 to 50 amino acids long, containing two or more lysines, six to ten amino acids apart, at least one histidine, and a lysine concentration of 6% or more[3]. Replikins have been counted and their spread over the gene’s surface has been visualized in the hemagglutinin gene by X-ray diffraction in pre- pandemic and pandemic periods[1]
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