Genome organization, instabilities, stem cells, and cancer

Senthil Pazhanisamy ,Vinu Jyothi

doi:10.46582/jsrm.0501004

Senthil Pazhanisamy , Vinu Jyothi

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.46582/jsrm.0501004

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Abstract

It is now widely recognized that advances in exploring genome organization provide remarkable insights on the induction and progression of chromosome abnormalities. Much of what we know about how mutations evolve and consequently transform into genome instabilities has been characterized in the spatial organization context of chromatin. Nevertheless, many underlying concepts of impact of the chromatin organization on perpetuation of multiple mutations and on propagation of chromosomal aberrations remain to be investigated in detail. Genesis of genome instabilities from accumulation of multiple mutations that drive tumorigenesis is increasingly becoming a focal theme in cancer studies. This review focuses on structural alterations evolve to raise a variety of genome instabilities that are manifested at the nucleotide, gene or sub-chromosomal, and whole chromosome level of genome. Here we explore an underlying connection between genome instability and cancer in the light of genome architecture. This review is limited to studies directed towards spatial organizational aspects of origin and propagation of aberrations into genetically unstable tumors.

Highlights

One of the most fascinating aspects of genome mutations and aberrations, DNA repair biology is how the spatial organization of processes depend on the chromatin genome maintains the structural integrity and organization
Critical understanding of how genome organization will shed a light on induction and perpetuation of multiple mutations disrupt them at multitude levels to mutations [14, 15]
Recent studies elucidate S m that the origin of carcinogenesis is not J te restricted at genetic mutations level but rather s extended to chromosomal or genome b aberrations level in the genome [10, 11]

Summary

Introduction

Key words; Nuclear architecture, spatial organization, chromatin structure, chromosomal aberrations, stem cells, genome instability, carcinogenesis Since the elucidation of lower to higher order spatial organization of genome, it is increasingly inevitable that radiation like mutagens induce lesions which are either left non-repaired or illegitimately rejoined to facilitate deleterious biological endpoints including gene rearrangements, cancer and apoptosis [6, 7, 9, 15] .

Results

Conclusion