Abstract
Bacillus species genomes are rich in plant growth-promoting genetic elements. Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus velezensis are important plant growth promoters; hence, to further improve their abilities, the genetic elements responsible for these traits were characterized and reported. Genetic elements reported include those of auxin, nitrogen fixation, siderophore production, iron acquisition, volatile organic compounds, and antibiotics. Furthermore, the presence of phages and antibiotic-resistant genes in the genomes are reported. Pan-genome analysis was conducted using ten Bacillus species. From the analysis, pan-genome of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus velezensis are still open. Ultimately, this study brings an insight into the genetic components of the plant growth-promoting abilities of these strains and shows their potential biotechnological applications in agriculture and other relevant sectors.
Highlights
The challenges of climate change and urbanization impact on food production has necessitated the need to bring up solutions that will mitigate these effects
The health hazard posed by chemical fertilizers is a cause for concern; the need for an environmental and health-friendly approach. This led to the use of microorganisms for food production
This study focuses on three strains of this genus, viz. Bacillus subtilis A1 (BSA1), Bacillus velezensis A3 (BVA3), and Bacillus subtilis A29 (BSA29)
Summary
The challenges of climate change and urbanization impact on food production has necessitated the need to bring up solutions that will mitigate these effects. The health hazard posed by chemical fertilizers is a cause for concern; the need for an environmental and health-friendly approach This led to the use of microorganisms for food production. These microorganisms, termed plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), increase food production through direct and indirect means such as phytohormone production, nitrogen fixation, cyanide production, siderophore production, antibiotic production, and phosphorous solubilization. These mechanisms have been reviewed in various studies [25, 31, 39, 43, 47].
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