Abstract
Streptomyces bacteria are recognized as an important source for antibiotics with broad applications in human medicine and animal health. Here, we report the isolation of a new lichen-associating Streptomyces sp. YIM 130001 from the tropical rainforest in Xishuangbanna (Yunnan, China), which displayed antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis. The draft genome sequence of this isolate strain revealed 18 putative biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) for secondary metabolites, which is an unusually low number compared to a typical streptomycete. Inactivation of a lantibiotic dehydrogenase-encoding gene from the BGC presumed to govern biosynthesis of a thiopeptide resulted in the loss of bioactivity. Using comparative HPLC analysis, two peaks in the chromatogram were identified in the extract from the wild-type strain, which were missing in the extract from the mutant. The compounds corresponding to the identified peaks were purified, and structure of one compound was elucidated using NMR. The compound, designated geninthiocin B, showed high similarity to several 35-membered macrocyclic thiopeptides geninthiocin, Val-geninthiocin and berninamycin A. Bioinformatics analysis of the geninthiocin B BGC revealed its close homology to that of berninamycins.
Highlights
The successful use of any therapeutic agent is compromised by the potential development of tolerance or resistance to that compound from the time it is first deployed
The majority of antibiotics used in medicine, veterinary practice and agriculture originate from actinomycete bacteria, predominantly from those belonging to the genus Streptomyces (Barka et al, 2015)
The best database match to the non-type strain was to the endophytic Streptomyces sp
Summary
The successful use of any therapeutic agent is compromised by the potential development of tolerance or resistance to that compound from the time it is first deployed This concerns all agents used in the treatment of bacterial, fungal, parasitic and viral infections, as well as cancer (Davies and Davies, 2010). Streptomyces are Gram-positive bacteria with genomes of high GC content, widely distributed in terrestrial as well as in aquatic ecosystems, and have a complex life cycle, with a multicellular mycelial growth (Labeda et al, 2012) Their life cycle starts with the germination of a spore that grows out to form vegetative hyphae, and further differentiates from vegetative mycelium into the aerial mycelium. Morphological differentiation in Streptomyces is an intricately regulated process, which typically correlates with production of secondary metabolites (SMs), such as antibiotics (van Wezel and McDowall, 2011)
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