Abstract
BackgroundCyanobacteria are well known for the production of a range of secondary metabolites. Whilst recent genome sequencing projects has led to an increase in the number of publically available cyanobacterial genomes, the secondary metabolite potential of many of these organisms remains elusive. Our study focused on the 11 publically available Subsection V cyanobacterial genomes, together with the draft genomes of Westiella intricata UH strain HT-29-1 and Hapalosiphon welwitschii UH strain IC-52-3, for their genetic potential to produce secondary metabolites. The Subsection V cyanobacterial genomes analysed in this study are reported to produce a diverse range of natural products, including the hapalindole-family of compounds, microcystin, hapalosin, mycosporine-like amino acids and hydrocarbons.ResultsA putative gene cluster for the cyclic depsipeptide hapalosin, known to reverse P-glycoprotein multiple drug resistance, was identified within three Subsection V cyanobacterial genomes, including the producing cyanobacterium H. welwitschii UH strain IC-52-3. A number of orphan NRPS/PKS gene clusters and ribosomally-synthesised and post translationally-modified peptide gene clusters (including cyanobactin, microviridin and bacteriocin gene clusters) were identified. Furthermore, gene clusters encoding the biosynthesis of mycosporine-like amino acids, scytonemin, hydrocarbons and terpenes were also identified and compared.ConclusionsGenome mining has revealed the diversity, abundance and complex nature of the secondary metabolite potential of the Subsection V cyanobacteria. This bioinformatic study has identified novel biosynthetic enzymes which have not been associated with gene clusters of known classes of natural products, suggesting that these cyanobacteria potentially produce structurally novel secondary metabolites.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1855-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
Cyanobacteria are well known for the production of a range of secondary metabolites
PCC 9431 [38], and the fatty acyl acyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase (FAAR) and aldehyde deformylating oxygenase (ADO) pathway for hydrocarbon biosynthesis in all the Subsection V cyanobacterial genomes [12, 43]. It was the aim of this study to provide a complete overview of the diversity and distribution of secondary metabolite biosynthesis for all 11 publically available Subsection V cyanobacteria, in addition to two genomes sequenced by our research group, W. intricata UH strain HT-29-1 and H. welwitschii UH strain IC-52-3
Cyanobacterial cultures of W. intricata UH strain HT29-1and H. welwitschii UH strain IC-52-3 were obtained from the University of Hawaii cyanobacterial culture collection. genomic DNA (gDNA) was extracted as described in Morin et al [44] and additional polysaccharides were removed as described in Wilson [45]. gDNA was sequenced, assembled and annotated by BGI (Beijing Genome Institute, China) using Illumina sequencing technology and Glimmer v3.0
Summary
A putative gene cluster for the cyclic depsipeptide hapalosin, known to reverse P-glycoprotein multiple drug resistance, was identified within three Subsection V cyanobacterial genomes, including the producing cyanobacterium H. welwitschii UH strain IC-52-3. A number of orphan NRPS/PKS gene clusters and ribosomally-synthesised and post translationally-modified peptide gene clusters (including cyanobactin, microviridin and bacteriocin gene clusters) were identified. Gene clusters encoding the biosynthesis of mycosporine-like amino acids, scytonemin, hydrocarbons and terpenes were identified and compared
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