Genome Introgression of Híbrido de Timor and Its Potential to Develop High Cup Quality C. arabica Cultivars

Tesfahun Alemu Setotaw,Antônio Alves Pereira,Ney Sussumu Sakiyama,Eunize Maciel Zambolim,Cosme Damião Cruz,Eveline Teixeira Caixeta,Laércio Zambolim,Tiago Vieira Sousa,Antonio Carlos Baião

doi:10.5539/jas.v12n4p64

Tesfahun Alemu Setotaw, Antônio Alves Pereira + Show 7 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v12n4p64

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Abstract

H&iacute;brido de Timor is the principal source for disease and pest resistance genes in C. arabica breeding program worldwide. The part of the chromosome responsible for resistance introgressed from C. canephora to H&iacute;brido de Timor are claimed to affect the cup quality of the C. arabica cultivars derived from the crossing program of H&iacute;brido de Timor. Therefore, this work was done to study the genome introgression of H&iacute;brido de Timor and its impact on the cup quality on the C. arabica cultivars. For genome introgression and genetic relationship analysis, seventy-six accessions from C. arabica, C. canephora and H&iacute;brido de Timor were analyzed using AFLP and SSR molecular markers. To understand the effect of genome introgressed from H&iacute;brido de Timor on cup quality, three C. arabica, seven H&iacute;brido de Timor and six cultivars derived from H&iacute;brido de Timor &times; C. arabica were genotyped using SSR molecular markers and sensorial analysis was performed. The genetic diversity analysis among the tested genotypes showed high genetic similarity between H&iacute;brido de Timor with C. arabica and clear differentiation among coffee species. The analysis of genome introgression of C. arabica and C. canephora var Robusta into H&iacute;brido de Timor not reach 30% of C. canephora genome. The sensorial analysis of coffee genotypes demonstrated non-significant difference on cup quality parameters among C. arabica cv Bourbon and cultivars derived from H&iacute;brido de Timor that showed the possibility of developing C. arabica cultivars without affecting the cup quality. Similarly, the SSR marker diversity showed high genetic similarity between the Bourbon and the C. arabica cultivars derived from H&iacute;brido de Timor.

Highlights

Coffea arabica L. (2n = 2x = 44) is a true allotetraploid species (Clarindo & Carvalho, 2008), native to Africa
These accessions comprise of five genotypes that belong to C. arabica species, 25 to C. canephora species (15 of the Robusta varietal group and 10 of the Conilon varietal group), 46 “Híbrido de Timor (HT)” accessions and 1 Eugenoides (Table 1)
The accessions of coffee in this study categorized into five groups as C. arabica, C. canephora var Robusta, C. canephora var Conilon, “HT” and C. eugenoides before the clustering analysis

Summary

Introduction

C. arabica L. and C. canephora Pierre are the two most cultivated and commercialized coffee species in the world. Among them C. arabica L. has more than 70% contribution in world coffee market. It has originated in the southwestern Ethiopia and produce high cup quality. Even if the world coffee production and consumption depend on C. arabica, its production was greatly affected by diseases and pests which reduce its productivity, due to lack of resistance genes for the major diseases and pests. To control the diseases (Coffee leaf rust and coffee berry disease) and pests the producer use copper-based fungicides and herbicides, which cost annually US$ 2-2.5 billion without considering its potential environmental hazards (Van der Vossen, 2009)

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