Abstract
Purpose The aim of this work was to analyze the complete genome of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum 8 RA 3, Lactobacillus fermentum 90 TC-4, Lactobacillus fermentum 39, Bifidobacterium bifidum 791, Bifidobacterium bifidum 1, and Bifidobacterium longum 379 and to test their activity against influenza A and SARS-CoV-2 viruses. Methods To confirm the taxonomic affiliation of the bacterial strains, MALDI TOF mass spectrometry and biochemical test systems were used. Whole genome sequencing was performed on the Illumina Inc. MiSeq platform. To determine the antiviral activity, A/Lipetsk/1V/2018 (H1N1 pdm09) (EPI_ISL_332798) and A/common gull/Saratov/1676/2018 (H5N6) (EPI_ISL_336925) influenza viruses and SARS-CoV-2 virus strain Australia/VIC01/2020 (GenBank: MT007544.1) were used. Results All studied probiotic bacteria are nonpathogenic for humans and do not contain the determinants of transmission-type antibiotic resistance and integrated plasmids. Resistance to antibiotics of different classes is explained by the presence of molecular efflux pumps of the MatE and MFS families. Cultures of L. fermentum 90 TC 4, L. plantarum 8 RA 3, and B. bifidum 791 showed a pronounced activity against influenza A viruses in MDCK cells. Activity against the SARS-CoV-2 virus was demonstrated only by the L. fermentum 90 TC 4 strain in VERO cells. Conclusions The studied probiotic bacteria are safe, have antiviral activity, and are of great importance for the prevention of diseases caused by respiratory viruses that can also infect the human intestine.
Highlights
Probiotic bacteria have a number of unique properties and provide invaluable benefits to human health [1,2,3]
We studied bacteria used in Russia for the production of medicinal probiotics: Lactobacillus plantarum 8 RA 3 (State Collection of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Cell Cultures SCPM-Obolensk No 900811), Lactobacillus fermentum 90 TC-4 (SCPM-Obolensk No 900812), Lactobacillus fermentum 39 (SCPM-Obolensk # 790039), Bifidobacterium bifidum 791 (Bioresource Center Russian National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (BRCVKPM) # B3300), Bifidobacterium bifidum 1 (SCPM-Obolensk # 900791), and Bifidobacterium (BRV 37 2000)
Lyophilized strains of L. plantarum 8 RA 3, L. fermentum 90 TC 4, and L. fermentum 39 were grown according to the method described previously [12], using liquid and agarized MRS nutrient medium (Syntex, Russia)
Summary
Probiotic bacteria have a number of unique properties and provide invaluable benefits to human health [1,2,3]. Lactoand bifidobacteria in the body carry out important functions. They participate in metabolism, produce biologically active compounds (vitamins, neuropeptides, bacteriocins, etc.), play a role in immunogenesis, and provide colonization resistance, and in addition, they exhibit antiviral activity against some viral pathogens in vitro and in vivo [4,5,6,7]. It is known that human respiratory viruses replicate mainly in the respiratory tract, and it is believed that probiotics cannot influence the dynamics of the disease.
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