Abstract
ABSTRACTSalmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium definitive type 2 (DT2) is host restricted to Columba livia (rock or feral pigeon) but is also closely related to S. Typhimurium isolates that circulate in livestock and cause a zoonosis characterized by gastroenteritis in humans. DT2 isolates formed a distinct phylogenetic cluster within S. Typhimurium based on whole-genome-sequence polymorphisms. Comparative genome analysis of DT2 94-213 and S. Typhimurium SL1344, DT104, and D23580 identified few differences in gene content with the exception of variations within prophages. However, DT2 94-213 harbored 22 pseudogenes that were intact in other closely related S. Typhimurium strains. We report a novel in silico approach to identify single amino acid substitutions in proteins that have a high probability of a functional impact. One polymorphism identified using this method, a single-residue deletion in the Tar protein, abrogated chemotaxis to aspartate in vitro. DT2 94-213 also exhibited an altered transcriptional profile in response to culture at 42°C compared to that of SL1344. Such differentially regulated genes included a number involved in flagellum biosynthesis and motility.
Highlights
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium definitive type 2 (DT2) is host restricted to Columba livia but is closely related to S
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium definitive type 2 (DT2) is highly host restricted to the feral pigeon (Columba livia), where it is associated with severe typhoid-like systemic disease [1]
Typhimurium DT2 isolates are highly host restricted to the feral pigeon
Summary
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium definitive type 2 (DT2) is host restricted to Columba livia (rock or feral pigeon) but is closely related to S. This study represents one of the first to link pathogen-specific genetic signatures, including coding capacity, genome degradation, and transcriptional responses to host adaptation within a Salmonella serovar. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium definitive type 2 (DT2) is highly host restricted to the feral pigeon (Columba livia), where it is associated with severe typhoid-like systemic disease [1]. The emergence of host-restricted pathogens from broad-host-range ancestors is a recurring theme in nature and includes many of the major infectious diseases in humans, such as whooping cough (Bordetella pertussis) [2], bubonic plague (Yersinia pestis) [3, 4], and typhoid (Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi) [5, 6]. Typhimurium DT2 strain 94-213 and comparative genome analyses of 16 isolates with the reference isolates, including SL1344, for which the wholegenome sequence is available
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