Abstract
Pleurotus tuber-regium is an edible and medicinal sclerotium-producing mushroom. The sclerotia of this mushroom also serve as food and folk medicine. Based on the description of its monokaryon genome, sequenced with Illumina and PacBio sequencing technologies, comparative transcriptomic analysis using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was employed to study its mechanism of sclerotium formation. The de novo assembled genome is 35.82 Mb in size with a N50 scaffold size of 4.29 Mb and encodes 12,173 putative proteins. Expression analysis demonstrated that 1,146 and 1,249 genes were upregulated and downregulated with the formation of sclerotia, respectively. The differentially expressed genes were associated with substrate decomposition, the oxidation-reduction process, cell wall synthesis, and other biological processes in P. tuber-regium. These genomic and transcriptomic resources provide useful information for the mechanism underlying sclerotium formation in P. tuber-regium.
Highlights
Sclerotia of certain fungal species have important medicinal values and are popular in Chinese traditional medicine
Among these DEGs, more than half of them belonged to glycoside hydrolases (GHs) (33.53%) and auxiliary activities (AAs) (30.64%) families, indicating the importance of P. tuber-regium GHs and AAs families for sclerotium formation
Our findings suggested that the carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) genes identified in P. tuber-regium might participate in sclerotium formation
Summary
Sclerotia of certain fungal species have important medicinal values and are popular in Chinese traditional medicine. A well-known, nutritious, and medicinal mushroom, Pleurotus tuber-regium (Fr.) Singer, known as the tiger milk mushroom, produces sclerotia that have a variety of edible and medicinal values, including serving as components of pork sausage; agents for thickening and flavoring soups; and remedies for ailments, such as headache, stomach pain, fever, and cold (Oso, 1977; Akobundu and Eluchie, 1992; Ohiri, 2018). Omics studies to assess the molecular mechanisms underlying sclerotium formation in P. tuber-regium are lacking. With the development of next-generation sequencing technology (Ansorge, 2009), omics technology provides a valid and comprehensive method for us to widely study the genetic basis in several sclerotium-producing mushrooms, such as Wolfiporia cocos (Zhang et al, 2016), Lignosus rhinocerotis (Yap et al, 2014), Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Li et al, 2016), and Cordyceps guangdongensis (Zhang C. et al, 2018). Genome and transcriptome dissection offer powerful and effective approaches that result in the identification and characterization of diverse genes in mushrooms related to metabolites, growth and development, and response to environments (Yap et al, 2014; Kramer and Nodwell, 2017; Gupta et al, 2018)
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