Abstract
Genistein is a naturally occurring polyphenolic molecule in the isoflavones group which is well known for its neuroprotection. In this review, we summarize the efficacy of genistein in attenuating the effects of memory impairment (MI) in animals. Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were used to find the relevant articles and discuss the effects of genistein in the brain, including its pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, behavioral effects, and some of the potential mechanisms of action on memory in several animal models. The results of the preclinical studies highly suggested that genistein is highly effective in enhancing the cognitive performance of the MI animal models, specifically in the memory domain, including spatial, recognition, retention, and reference memories, through its ability to reduce oxidative stress and attenuate neuroinflammation. This review also highlighted challenges and opportunities to improve the drug delivery of genistein for treating MI. Along with that, the possible structural modifications and derivatives of genistein to improve its physicochemical and drug-likeness properties are also discussed. The outcomes of the review proved that genistein can enhance the cognitive performance and ameliorate MI in different preclinical studies, thus indicating its potential as a natural lead for the design and development of a novel neuroprotective drug.
Highlights
IntroductionMemoryisisaastate stateofofgaining, gaining,retaining, retaining, and retrieving information which includesMemory and retrieving information which includes all all knowledge gained throughout one’s experience such as truths that are known, inciknowledge gained throughout one’s experience such as truths that are known, incidents dents remembered, and abilities throughout life. typesTwo of main typesare of remembered, and abilities nurturednurtured throughout one’s life. one’sTwo main memory memory are declarative and non-declarative being thewhile daily declarative and non-declarative memories, withmemories, the formerwith beingthe theformer daily memories memories while the latter consist of memories retrieved reflexively [1]
Recent inv its effect on memory impairment (MI) where genistein protects against MI by (1) re amyloid protein (Aβ), (2) preventing neuro-inflammatory by tivated B cells (NF-κB), (3) inhibiting the activity of acetylch creasing the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein to prevent n (NFT), (5) up-regulating the activity of Apolipoprotein E (Apo of Aβ, and (6) exerting its antioxidant properties and reducin nating reactive oxygen species (ROS) [14,15,16,17,18,19]
The findings indicated that the mice treated with genistein did not show any signs of toxicity, nor did they become frail, lethargic, or lose any weight, even following treatment with the highest dose of genistein
Summary
Memoryisisaastate stateofofgaining, gaining,retaining, retaining, and retrieving information which includes. Memory and retrieving information which includes all all knowledge gained throughout one’s experience such as truths that are known, inciknowledge gained throughout one’s experience such as truths that are known, incidents dents remembered, and abilities throughout life. Two of main typesare of remembered, and abilities nurturednurtured throughout one’s life. Two main memory memory are declarative and non-declarative being thewhile daily declarative and non-declarative memories, withmemories, the formerwith beingthe theformer daily memories memories while the latter consist of memories retrieved reflexively [1]. Memory the latter mainly consist ofmainly memories retrieved reflexively [1].
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