Abstract
Genistein (GNT), an isoflavone, is used in the clinical treatment of various health disorders. GNT is found in primary food source plants and some medical plants. However, studies on the functions of GNT in plants are rarely reported. In this study, we demonstrated that GNT plays an important role in promoting anthocyanin accumulation in red cabbage. GNT solutions (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mg/L) as foliar fertilizers were applied to red cabbage. Consequently, anthocyanin accumulation in red cabbage increased in a light-dependent manner. GNT solution at 30 mg/L exhibited the optimal effect on anthocyanin accumulation, which was twice that of the control. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis indicated that GNT application upregulated the expression of all structural genes, contributing to anthocyanin biosynthesis under light conditions. Under dark conditions, GNT exerted no significant promotive effect on anthocyanin accumulation; only early biosynthetic genes of anthocyanin biosynthesis responded to GNT. The promotive effect of GNT on anthocyanin biosynthesis is directly attributable to the regulation of structural gene expression. Transcription factors exhibited no response to GNT. The levels of anthocyanin in red cabbage positively correlated with the enzyme activities of antioxidant systems. This finding correlation suggested that the promotive effect of GNT on anthocyanin levels was correlated with improved antioxidant activity in the red cabbage.
Highlights
Genistein (GNT) is the common name of 5, 7-dihydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran4-one
We evaluated the anthocyanin levels of red cabbage under five different chemical treatments
abscisic acid (ABA) is an important phytohormone related to stress response, but it is widely reported as an improvement of anthocyanin biosynthesis
Summary
Genistein (GNT) is the common name of 5, 7-dihydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran4-one. This compound belongs to the group of isoflavones, heterocyclic polyphenols that naturally occur in plants; this compound is referred to as 4 , 5, 7-trihydroxyisoflavone. GNT is a soy-derived biologically active isoflavone that exerts diverse health-promoting effects. It exhibits numerous biological activities: tyrosine kinase inhibition, chemoprotective activity against cardiovascular disease, and phytoestrogen activity. GNT can impede cancer progression by promoting apoptosis, inducing cell cycle arrest, modulating intracellular signaling pathways, as well as inhibiting angiogenesis and metastasis of neoplastic cells A micronutrient with multifaceted effects, GNT should be developed further for its clinical use in the prevention and treatment of various health disorders
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