Genetiği Değiştirilmiş Mısır Bitkisinin Zararlı Lepidopterlere Karşı Direnci Üzerine Değerlendirmeler

Abstract

In recent years, corn crop is produced extensively as first and second product in Kahramanmaras the pests formed European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hubner) and the stem corn borer (Sesamia nonagrioides Lef.), causes the loss of product per year, average 10-20 % rate. In particularly, this crop loss is observed from the fields which corn had been planted after wheat. Various methods are used in the fight against these pests, in recent years, genetically modified corn seeds are given place broadly. Bacillus thuringiensis’s gene is transferred to this seed‟s genomes to increase the plant resistance againts insect. The scientists who research B. thuringiensis action mechanism againts certain insect species, focused on classes of bacterial toxins of the Cyt (cytolysins) and Cry (crystal delta endotoxin). Cyt proteins are active against Coleoptera and Diptera, the Cry proteins are active against Lepidoptera species and the crystal protein-encoding genes of various Bt species transferred to plants (commercially known as the Bt-toxin) for making the plant resistant to insects. In addition, a variety of genetically modified Bt-toxins have been developed to increase toxicity and reduce resistance. But the promise of this Bt technology has been overshadowed by concerns about unintended effects of Bt corn on human health and the environment, Cry protein toxicity, allergenicity, and lateral transfer of antibiotic-resistance marker genes in the microflora of the human digestive system is thought to be a threat to human health. For example, Bt corn can be toxic for non-target organisms, transgenic genes can pass to relative corn species or other pests also can acquire resistance to Bt proteins. Therefore, this review is revealed that there are doubts about applied studies handled on transgenic corn on the subject of environment and human health effects.