Abstract
Familial correlations studies have shown a high degree of heritability of obesity. In general, obesity is the result of complex interactions between genetics and environment. Nevertheless, the study of the monogenic obesities has provided a large part of knowledge concerning the regulation of energy balance and feeding behavior. In the most recent studies, hundreds of thousands genetic markers located in the whole genome have been tested in large populations of unrelated subjects with various degrees of corpulence. Such studies evidenced a few already known candidate genes but also novel genes of which role has yet to be defined. The relative risks conferred by the individual variants have a very poor predictive value. The combinations of alleles at risk (genetic scores) as well as the interactions gene-environment must be considered. Interactions between the genetic variation and epigenetic mechanisms as well as the gut microbiota likely play a role in the susceptibility to obesity. Genetic studies have revealed unknown pathways and also have paradoxically demonstrated the importance of the environmental influences in the susceptibility to obesity.
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