Genetics of phytate phosphorus bioavailability: heritability and genetic correlations with growth and feed utilization traits in a randombred chicken population

Abstract

The current study was undertaken to estimate variance components for phytate P bioavailability (PBA) and the genetic correlations among PBA with growth and feed utilization (or intake) traits in an unselected random mating chicken population. Pedigreed data from 901 Athens-Canadian randombred chickens hatched from 26 sires, 71 dams, and 105 grandparents were used for estimation of genetic parameters. Birds were individually housed in metabolic cages at 4 wk of age and fed a 0.35% P diet. After 3 d of acclimatization, excreta produced for 3 consecutive d were collected and feed consumed (FC) was measured. Individual 4-wk BW and BW gain (BWG) during the 3-d excreta collection period were also measured. Feed conversion ratios (FCR) were calculated. Phytate P bioavailability was estimated from the disappearance of phytate during the passage of feed through the gastrointestinal tract. The restricted maximum likelihood method with the average information matrix algorithm was used for the estimation of variance components. The heritability estimate for PBA was about 0.10. Genetic correlations between PBA and BW, BWG, and FC were moderate and negative, indicating that improving PBA utilization would moderately affect growth. The genetic correlation between PBA and FCR was negligible and suggested that selection for PBA will not adversely affect FCR. The economic implications of genetically modifying poultry to improving phytate P utilization and the subsequent elimination or reduction of the amount of phytase used in poultry diets are yet to be determined.