Abstract

Abstract Association studies aim to discover the genetic basis of genetic diseases or drug responses through the comparison of unrelated affected and nonaffected individuals in large populations assumed to be at Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). The HWE principle and the main causes of departures are first described with a focus on population stratification (Wahlund effect), which is one of the major problems in association studies. Recent statistical methods developed to detect and control for it are briefly reviewed.

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