Abstract
The genetics of organophosphate resistance, including the pattern of inheritance and the underlying genetic mechanism, were investigated in the aphid Schizaphis graminum (the greenbug). Resistant greenbugs with pattern 1 (R1) and pattern 2 (R2) esterase and susceptible (S) greenbugs were induced into the sexual cycle and crossed. Each resistance-associated esterase pattern in the greenbug was inherited in a Mendelian fashion as a single gene. An aphid clone that displayed both resistance-associated esterase patterns was produced in the F1 generation of a cross between R2 and R1 insects, and was designated pattern 3 (R3). DNA from different R1 aphids and the R3 aphid clone displayed a restriction fragment pattern different from that of R2 and S clones, and about a twofold increase in hybridization compared with S aphids. DNA from R2 clones showed no restriction fragment differences or increased hybridization signal compared to S insects. These findings suggest that the mechanism behind the R1 esterase activity may be gene amplification, but that the R2 elevated esterase activity may result from a different genetic mechanism.
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