Abstract
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis disease (CMCD) is characterized by chronic or recurring infection with Candida albicans and, to a lesser extent, with Staphylococcus aureus . The underlying cause of CMCD is unknown. Puel et al. (p. [65][1], published online 24 February; see the Perspective by [ Dominguez-Villar and Hafler ][2]) now report two genetic etiologies associated with CMCD. The first is an autosomal recessive mutation in interleukin 17 (IL-17) receptor A, which prevents its expression. The second is an autosomal dominant mutation in the cytokine IL-17F, which partially reduces its activity. Thus, human IL-17–mediated immunity is required for protection against these mucocutaneous infections. [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1200439 [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1205311
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