Abstract
Central precocious puberty (СPP) is caused by premature reactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors play a crucial role in determining the timing of puberty. In recent years, the KISS1, KISS1R, MKRN3 and DLK1 variants have been identified as hereditary causes of CPP. The MKRN3 and DLK1 genes are imprinted, and therefore epigenetic modifications that alter the expression of these genes are also considered as a cause of precocious puberty. With the progression of CPP, epigenetic factors such as DNA methylation, posttranslational modifications of histones and non-coding RNAs can mediate the relationship between the influence of genetic variants and the environment. CPP is also associated with other short- and long-term adverse health effects. This is the basis for research aimed at understanding the genetic and epigenetic causes of СPP. The purpose of this review is to summarize the literature data on the molecular genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of the formation of СPP.
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