Abstract
Information on the genes involved in body weight regulation is summarized in an analysis of experimental and review papers annotated in PubMed Search, including meta-analysis and genome-wide association studies (17 GWAS projects), in which genetic data are comprehensively analyzed and correlated with various indices: body mass index (BMI), waist measurement, hip measurement, and abdominal obesity. Sixty-six polymorphic loci that are highly likely to determine high values of BMI and various quantitative measurements are recognized. Nevertheless, the GWAS results account for only a small proportion of obesity cases. One of the causes of this may be the contribution of epigenetics. Epigenetic markers altering gene expression can cause morbid obesity, such as the Prader–Willi syndrome, as well as common obesity. Multifaceted studies of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms affecting the expression of corresponding genes are necessary for understanding the pathogenetic base of obesity.
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