Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common complications of pregnancy. Its prevalence is increasing every year with increasing obesity, sedentary lifestyle, poor or unhealthy diet and increasing age of pregnant women. GDM is known to be accompanied by multiple short- and long-term complications for both mother and child. Research in genetics and epigenetics has provided new insights into the pathophysiology of GDM, which provides an opportunity to develop new strategies to improve the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of GDM and its complications.This review describes the role of genetic and epigenetic factors on the risks of developing GDM and its complications. The review also discusses the similarities in the genetic changes underlying type 2 diabetes mellitus and GDM, indicating a multifactorial pathogenesis of GDM.
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